Abstract
Rapidly depleting conventional energy sources and a realization of the increasing global warming and its associated climate change forced the world to seriously start looking for alternate and clean energy sources, also called the renewable energy sources, during the mid 1980’s. The world has moved very quickly during recent years to respond to the new challenges. A brief overview of the current state of integration of these resources into the world energy mix is presented first, and then the research efforts to develop cost effective indigenous renewable energy technologies, carried out at the Pakistan Navy Engineering College, Karachi, over the years have been described in this paper. The work has so far generated nine patents.

Muhammad Aftab Akram, Rafaqat Hussain, Mohammad Mujahid, Sofia Javed, Hassan Javed, Nida Iqbal. (2011) A Convenient Synthesis Route of Hydroxyapatite from Egg Shells, NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences , Volume 4, Issue 1.
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