Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. One major
risk factor for atherosclerosis and MI is smoking, a highly prevalent habit in South Asian adolescents and
healthcare professionals; particularly in Pakistan. This study was conducted to compare clinical presentation
and outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) in smokers and non-smokers.
Methodology: This study included a total of 100 patients who presented to a tertiary care centre for cardiac
patients in Karachi. Patients between 18-65 years presenting with MI were included in the study (N=100). They
were divided into two groups, based on smoking status. The smoking group included patients who had
smoked for 10 years or more. Patients who had smoked for less than 10 years or had quit less than 5 years
back were excluded from both samples. Informed consent was taken from each participant.
Results: This study observed that 46% of the non-smokers as compared to 8% smokers present with chest pain
(p = 0.001). Arrhythmia was seen in 20% of the smokers compared to 4% of the non-smokers (p = 0.001). Acute
heart failure was seen in 24% smokers and only 4% non-smokers (p = 0.004). Of the smoking group, 32% of the
patients expired despite treatment as compared to 6% of smokers (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Specific symptoms of myocardial infarction are more commonly seen in non-smokers, aiding
early diagnosis and consequently leading to a good prognosis. Alternatively, fatal complications and death
rate is a more likely outcome in smokers.
Sumera Batool, Ashok Kumar, Nida Hussain, Wasfa Farooq, Muhammad Hamza Syed, Nadeem Rizvi. (2019) Comparison Of Clinical Profile And Outcome Of Mi In Smokers And Non-smokers, The Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Volume 8, Issue-3.
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