A 33 year old male presented with a painful non–healing growth of gingiva from eight months. Intra–oral examination revealed an indurated and erythematous lesion on gingiva with relati ... Read More
An 84-year-old lady presented with history of syncope and a transient loss of consciousness proceeded by severe chest pain to accident and emergency. Electrocardiogram(ECG) revealed anterolateral ST e ... Read More
Adult onset still disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disease which presents with cardinal symptoms of spiking fever, arthralgia,and characteristic non pruritic evanescent salmon pink ... Read More
Peptic ulcer perforation is the most common cause of pneumoperitoneum (75%). The rate of the perforation of acute appendicitis is 20–30% and the rate of its co-occurrence with pneumoperito ... Read More
Rectal Foreign bodies have been reported in literature since long.They are inserted as a result of erotic behaviour. Rectal foreign bodies may be inserted as a result of sexual perversion or for non-s ... Read More
Tubal sterilization is one of the most commonly employed permanent method of contraception, although it is considered very safe, rarely a cyst may develop in the fallopian tube after steril ... Read More
A 25-year old pregnant female with history of confusion and drowsiness for 02 days was referred by neurophysicianfor MRI brain. MRI demonstrated T2W/FLAIR hyper intensitiesin medial thal ... Read More
Pierre Robin Sequence is a well-recognizedcase of rarity which presents with a triad of glossoptosis, cleft palate. We report a rare case of Pierre robin Sequence in an Asian child, with th ... Read More
Bestvitelliform macular dystrophy is the second most common type of hereditary fundus dystrophies. Our case report describes twin brothers of Afghan family who developed Best vitelliform macular dystr ... Read More
Isolated duodenal injury after blunt abdominal trauma is a very rare entity. In contrast to penetrating injuries, duodenal injuries after blunt trauma are difficult to diagnose. Early di ... Read More
Background: Appetite control is a very complex process which influences the short term feeding behaviour and a long term adaptive process that responds to the energy input. Appetite contro ... Read More
The 18thconstitutional amendment in Pakistan requires an independent and objective analysis of consequences of 2011 reforms on the future roles demarcation between thefederation and provinces ... Read More
Background: Different topical therapies are being used for treating molluscum contagiosum. Potassium hydroxide in varying solution strengths with irritant reaction on the skin ca ... Read More
With the global increase in the diabetic population there is a resurgence of interest in the dual epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB), which has a bidirectional detrimental relati ... Read More
Background: Rheumatic heart disease is a common ailment in Pakistan and Mitral stenosis is its flag bearer Severity of mitral stenosis is the key factor in deciding for mitral valve surgery.Methods:Th ... Read More
Background:Dyslipidaemia is a global health issue in developed as well as in developing countries. People with type 2 Diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to develop dyslipidaemia and its ... Read More
Background: Bevacizmab is still an unlicensed drug for intraocular use in spite of the fact thatit has shown comparable efficacy to other anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF)m ... Read More
Background: Bevacizumab has been in use as a therapeutic agent for macular oedema for several years. While its efficacy has been well documented, its use has been shown tocause a transie ... Read More
Background:Androgens are involved in the development of acne. The aim of this study was to find out if there was an association of serum testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SH ... Read More
Background: Urinary Tract Infection is one of the most common infections encountered by women. These infections have the tendency to recur. In order to identify women at risk of recurrence ... Read More
Background:It is believed that the study of personality has the potentials to enhance our prognostic abilities and can better to expose the etiology of mental illness through the relation ... Read More
Background:Isotonic saline is recommended as maintenance intravenous fluid therapy (MIVFT) for most of the acutely ill hospitalized children. The aim of this study is to assess the current knowledge ... Read More
Background: Due to increasing population and changing human habits the number of accidents and high energy trauma is rising. Management of open fracture tibia is a complex problem and is a challenge f ... Read More
Background:Proximal humeral fractures account for 4–5% of all fractures. Most fractures are minimally displaced and can be managed non-operatively in adults. Displaced and unstable fractures are diffi ... Read More
Department of Medicine, Rehman MedicalInstitute, Peshawar,*Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar-PakistanBackground: Hepatitis B and C related chronic liver diseases have led to development of a ... Read More
Background: Patients with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment develop raised intraocular pressure (IOP) when they undergo pars planavitrectomy with silicone oil. The present study was done to d ... Read More
Background:Combining cognitive skills teaching related to the techniques leads to better understanding in a skill training course; but still there a substantial disagreement in cur ... Read More
Background: Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism but patient is clinically asymptomatic. This concept is not new. ... Read More
Background:Pakistan has one of the highest prevalence of poisoning in the world. However, limited data exist on the frequency of poisons implicated in homicidal, suicidal, and accidental cases in Nort ... Read More
Background:Diabetes being a serious health issue faced by developing countries with drug adherence having pivot role for recommendedglycaemictarget. This study aimsto determine drug non-adhe ... Read More
Background:Any tissue of the body can give rise to cancer. However, those tissues whichmultiply rapidly are at high risk of developing cancer and haematopoietic system is one of them. Neoplasmsof thi ... Read More
Background: The “Philadelphia Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms” include polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). These three d ... Read More
Background:Chemotherapy consisting of Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Doxorubicin (ABVD), which is the mainstay of treatment in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL), is associated with both acute and lo ... Read More
Background: Traumatic subdural hematoma is one of the lethal injuries to brain. Various surgical techniques are used to evacuate the acute subdural hematoma. The hematoma evacuation can eit ... Read More
Background: Characteristics of Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (PID) in two tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan. The objective of this was to study the demographic characteristics of lumbar PID by age, ... Read More
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Around 185million people are suffering from HCV infection all over the world, out of which 10 million peo ... Read More
Background:Epstein-Barr virus plays an important role in pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma. The first patient with Epstein-Barr positive Reed Sternberg cells was described in 1985. Since t ... Read More
Background: Blood sampling is one of the common proceduresdone in every ward for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Daily hundreds of samples are collected from different wards butlack of appropriate kn ... Read More
Background:Late-presentingacute limb ischaemia represents a challenging vascular emergency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome in patients following revascularization and management ... Read More
Background:Implants for open reduction and internal fixation of distal femoral fracture includes angle blade plate, rush nails, enders nail and interlocking nails. But all these devices ... Read More
Background:Diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma, is the most common subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Aim of this study was to look at the characteristics and outcome of DLBCL patients w ... Read More
Background: Early diagnosis and management of tuberculosis is essential for decreasing the disease burden. Pakistan is one of the few countries of world with a very high burd ... Read More
BackgroundInsecticide toxicity is the problem of every person in under developed countries.It is necessary to counteract its effect by natural and cheap remedies like green tea and vitamin C.In this m ... Read More
Background: Alcohol consumption is recognized as a public health issue. Study objectives were to identify factors predictive of alcohol consumption among elderly people in Phayao province Thailand, w ... Read More
Background: Despite reduction in child mortality during last decade, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) remained number one killer of under-five. The current study aimed to assess the associatio ... Read More
Background: The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of low dose of the non-ionizing(REW) emitted by a mobile phone on the development of chick embryo. Methods:one hund ... Read More
Whilst Pakistan is making significant improvements in macro-economics, infrastructures, industry, roads, information and communication; human development is somewhere somehow seems neglected. ... Read More
Oxygen therapy is a life-saving, medical intervention in the management of hospitalized children. The goal of oxygen therapy is to prevent or treat tissue hypoxia. Oxygen should be prescribed ... Read More
Maxillary premolars exhibit variable root canal morphology, but it is quite rare to find three canals in their root system. The aim of this case report is to present the diagnosis and c ... Read More
Diaphragmatic rupture following blunt or penetrating thoraco-abdominal trauma is frequently missed. It presents years later with herniation of abdominal viscera. Surgical treatment should be so ... Read More
Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen in children. Typical findings on imaging establish the diagnosis. We present case of a 7 years old boy who presented with acute right iliac fossa pa ... Read More
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumour of salivary glands which is Known for its wide pleomorphic architecture. It accounts for 45–75% of all salivary gland neoplasm. It can involve majo ... Read More
Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours most commonly located in the adrenal glands. The overall incidence of paragangliomas is 0.8 per 100,000 persons, but the incidence ... Read More
Sweat gland carcinoma is a rare tumour, being almost 1% of primary skin lesions.The tumour has tendency to spread to regional lymph nodes and distant metastases has also been reported. Their exact inc ... Read More
Knee and hip joint replacement surgeries are the mainstay of treatment in patients having grade 3 or grade 4 arthritis either due to degenerative process, rheumatoid disease or due to s ... Read More
Lymphatic filariasis is caused by most commonly Wuchereria bancrofti in India. The diagnosis is made by demonstration of microfilariae in the peripheral blood, body fluids, fine needle aspirates and i ... Read More
A 41 year old Jordanian gentleman known case of osteogenesis imperfecta presented with vomiting, decreased oral intake followed by confusion. At presentation he was found to have signs of h ... Read More
Background: Pakistani health care system is in progress and since last year, Pakistan has tried to make much improvement in its health care delivery system and has brought out many refor ... Read More
Background:Patients who had one caesarean section were previously not given a trial of scar due to fear of increased morbidity.However, recently there has been a trend to give a trial of labour to pat ... Read More
Background: Developing countries are faced with acute shortages of human resources in rural/remote areas. Decisions of human resources for health to work in rural areas are influenced by many financia ... Read More
Background:Patients who had one caesarean section were previously not given a trial of scar due to fear of increased morbidity.However, recently there has been a trend to give a trial of labour to pat ... Read More
Background: The awareness of patient’s rights is negligible in developing countries where no legal framework is present to protect these rights and Pakistan is no exception. Not only is there a ... Read More
Background:Heptorenal syndrome is a complication of cirrhosis of liver and is characterized by progressive renal failure. This study was done to determine the frequency of hepatorenal syndrome accordi ... Read More
Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries. Previously it was thought to be a major pathogenic organism in immuno-compromis ... Read More
Background:Urinary tract infection(UTI) is the most frequent disease for which patients seek medical care. The antimicrobial agents causing UTI and their sensitivity patterns have remarkably changed ... Read More
Background: Intra-abdominal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most frequent pathogens involved are the gastrointestinal flora which can cause poly-microbial i ... Read More
Background: Research on determinants of Medical profession has established some constant factors with universal impact and appeal. However, the dramatic changes in the dynamics of medical pr ... Read More
Background: Both Total and Subtotal Thyroidectomy are correct treatment options for symptomatic Euthyroid Multinodular Goitre. The choice depends upon surgeon’s preference due to consideratio ... Read More
Background: Medicinal plants have been used since long as folk medicines and also in Ayuvedic and Unani systems of treatment. They have importance to save human and animal lives because of their utili ... Read More
Background:Pakistan has a broad system of primary health care facilities to achieve mission of “Health for all”. Over the last seven years health expenditure by government of Pakistan has been increas ... Read More
Background:Health seeking behaviour refers to the behaviour of people towards seeking their own health through provided health services. The medical professionals are at a higher risk of avoiding heal ... Read More
Background: Pakistan lies in the Afro-Asia stone belt. Ureteric calculi are common occurrence and a major burden on health care facilities in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess the ef ... Read More
Background:Serum bilirubin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunological properties. It is considered a protective substance against atherosclerotic and microvascular complications of diabetes ... Read More
Background:Diabetes mellitus constitutes one of the most important problems in developing and non-developing countries.The purpose of the study to estimate the concentrations of Chromium and M ... Read More
Background:Foot ulcers are one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus and often lead to lower limb amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers are susceptible to infection.The objec ... Read More
Background:Antibiotic misuse for upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold is widespread in clinical practice. Excessive prescription of antibiotics by doctors has resulte ... Read More
Background: Spontaneous perforation of bile duct (SPBD) is a rare and often misdiagnosed entity. Though rare, it is the second most common surgical cause of jaundice in infants, after biliary atresia. ... Read More
Background: Soft tissues tumoursare tumoursof mesenchymal origin excluding epithelial,skeletal tissue,reticuloendothelial system, brain coverings and solid visceraof the body.The objective ... Read More
Background: Forecasting of health indicators is of great importance for health policy makers. This study is aimed to forecast some important health indicators like crude death ... Read More
Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)is respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) whose signs cannot be otherwise explained. MAS ... Read More
Background: Ready-to-use-therapeutic foods (RUTF) are an important component of the effective outpatient treatment of severe wasting because most of the child deaths in the world especially ... Read More
Background:Healthcare waste management is a neglected issue in hospitals of developing countries due to poor practices among health staff.This study was aimed to determine the dif ... Read More
Background:Obesity is associated with inflammatory diseases and obese individual’s poses high risk for infections.Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an importantregulator ofimmunity and inflammat ... Read More
Background:Prediction of final visual outcome in ocular injuries is of paramount importance and various prognostic models have been proposed to predict final visual outcome. The objective of thi ... Read More
Background:Otitis media is a worldwide disease and is higher in developing countries, particularly among the low socioeconomic levels of the society.The aim of the study is to identifythe b ... Read More
Background: The frequently encountered thoracic trauma in surgical emergencies is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Eighty percent of thoracic trauma can be managed by simple insertion of tube ... Read More
Background: Respiratory problems are one of the major issues faced by cardiovascular surgeons,which increase morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ... Read More
Background: Mitochondrial DNA mutation and hormonal imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of early onset diabetes but data is lacking in Pakistani population.The study was planned to del ... Read More
Background: Unexplained abdominal pain is a common but difficult presenting feature faced by the clinicians. Such patients can undergo a number of investigations with failure to reach an ... Read More
Background: The incidence of early post-traumatic seizures after civilian traumatic brain injury ranges 4–25%. The control of early post-traumatic seizure is mandatory because these acute in ... Read More
Background: Correction of deep bite is crucial for maintenance of dental hard and soft tissue structures and for prevention of temporomandibular joint disorders.Exploration of underlying s ... Read More
Background:When a light cure composite resin is used to restore a class V lesion, certain stresses are generated at the tooth-restoration interface. If these stresses exceed the bond stren ... Read More
Background:To ablate accessory pathway successfully and conveniently, accurate localization of the pathway is needed.Electrophysiologists use different algorithms before taking the patients to the ele ... Read More
Eid al Adha during CCHF transmission seasonposes a threat of exposing large population to this viral haemorrhagicfever. CCHF was first reported in Crimea in 1944. Oral ribavirin and general supportive ... Read More
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of oncologic morbidity and mortality worldwide. The definitive surgical management for pancreatic cancer includes pancreaticoduodenectomy with either a ... Read More
A 43 year old male presented with the chief complaint of non-painful swelling of upper and lower lips from past one year. At anamnesis, we did not find any allergic disease, trauma and/or past recent ... Read More
A 13 years old presented in neurosurgery out-patient with dorsal backache and difficulty in walking. Clinical examination revealed localized hypertrichosis in the mid-dorsal region without hyper-refle ... Read More
Leukoplakia is referred as “oral white lesions that cannot be clinically or pathologically characterized by any specific disease”.1 Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant conditi ... Read More
Dear Editor, Cardiovascular diseases have contributed to mortality rate worldwideincluding low to middle-incomecountries.1 According to a study conducted in Karachi,6% of cardiovascular pa ... Read More
Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of theFlaviviridaefamily. It is known to transmit to humans primarily through the bite of an infectedAedesspecies mosquito which is also known to carry dengu ... Read More
Scalp masses are commonly seen in clinical practice. They range from simple sebaceous cyst to malignant neoplasms. Clinical presentation is straight forward in most of the cases. Simple subcutaneous s ... Read More
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities and can be life threatening. Fluoxetine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and may rarely cause hyponatremia. Furthermore, fluox ... Read More
Mumps is an acute viral illness that follows a self-limiting course but up to 10% of cases have a complicated course with the involvement of other organ systems. Myocarditis is reported as a ... Read More
32 years old gentleman, presented in emergency department, with complaints of sudden onset of severe upper abdominal pain, associated with nausea and vomiting. He was a known case of acid peptic dis ... Read More
The cases of two middle age males are presented who were incidentally diagnosed to have atrial myxoma. Both of them underwent successful surgical interventions. Histologically, both myxomas ... Read More
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has an established, well standardized role in the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). In routine clinical practice, the main focus of bone densitometry i ... Read More
Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary disorder of osteoclast dysfunction leading to abnormally dense and sclerotic bones that are fragile and break easily. It can be inherited in ... Read More
Small bowel obstruction is one of the common conditions presenting in surgical wards, however fecalith is one of the rare causes of bowel obstruction. We present here a case of 65years old lady,who pr ... Read More
We present the case of a new-born baby girl who was delivered at term to a young primigravida mother. The pregnancy was booked late and had no antenatal medical or surgical complications. The baby was ... Read More
Alexander disease, less commonly known as fibrinoid leukodystrophy is an extremely rare, non-familial, progressive, lethal leukodystrophy which is characterized predominantly by abnormalit ... Read More
Background:Breastfeeding is a physiological phenomenon; nonetheless, this act is a learned behaviour that requires continuous active support to make it successful. This study determines the frequenc ... Read More
Background: Osteoporosis is an early and common feature in rheumatoid arthritis. Apart from othermanifestations, Osteoporosis is an extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis which may resu ... Read More
Background:Ante partum haemorrhage remains to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality.30% of this haemorrhage is attributed to placental abruption. Along with other adverse maternal outc ... Read More
Background: coronary heart disease is multifactorial inflammatory process which involves the accumulation of lipid macrophages and intimal plaques in smooth muscle cell in large ... Read More
Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), six million deaths are attributable to tobacco use globally, of which nearly 1.2 million occur in South-East Asia. Use of smokel ... Read More
Background: Diabetes mellitus affects more than 285 million people worldwide. The prevalence is expected to rise to 439 million by the year 2030. Diabetic foot ulcers precede 84% of non-traumatic ampu ... Read More
Background: According to a pathfinder survey conducted by World Health Organization, dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease in Pakistan. The update information re ... Read More
Background:Globally, more than one-third of mortalities in children under five years of age are attributable to malnutrition.The prevalence of malnourished children in Pakistan is inclining. A knowled ... Read More
Background:Globally children and adolescents with growth failure are referred to specialized units for evaluation and management. We designed this study to determine the cause of shor ... Read More
Background: Current research in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome ... Read More
Background: Pakistani nationals that obtained foreign basic/additional medical/dental qualifications need to be registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) to serve in health delivery s ... Read More
Background: Low birth weight is a major public health problem in Pakistan. So there is a need for identification of its modifiable risk factors like periodontitis which will reduce its ... Read More
Background: According to a pathfinder survey conducted by World Health Organization, dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease in Pakistan. The update information re ... Read More
Background:Globally, more than one-third of mortalities in children under five years of age are attributable to malnutrition.The prevalence of malnourished children in Pakistan is inclining. A knowled ... Read More
Background:Globally children and adolescents with growth failure are referred to specialized units for evaluation and management. We designed this study to determine the cause of shor ... Read More
Background: Current research in type 2 diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome ... Read More
Background: Pakistani nationals that obtained foreign basic/additional medical/dental qualifications need to be registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC) to serve in health delivery s ... Read More
Background: Low birth weight is a major public health problem in Pakistan. So there is a need for identification of its modifiable risk factors like periodontitis which will reduce its ... Read More
Background: Learning impairments in children consist of a spectrum of disorders that are under diagnosed in Pakistan. Most learning disorders have long term consequences for a child and early detect ... Read More
Background:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is getting popularity in developing countries especially in Pakistan. Conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy is also common. Thi ... Read More
Background:Childhood physical activity (PA) is an important determinant of health in adults which is influenced by the environment in and outside of home. We aimed to determine the contr ... Read More
Background:Antenatal Care is one of the fundamental rights for women to safeguard their health.Neonatal mortality rates have remained relatively static, compared to the decline in infant a ... Read More
Background:Learning impairments in children consist of a spectrum of disorders that are under diagnosed in Pakistan. Most learning disorders have long term consequences for a child and early detection ... Read More
Background: Depression is one of the major problems faced by medical students, which have significant adverse effects on their social, academic and occupationalfunctioning.The objectives of the study ... Read More
Background: Ophthalmological conditions are frequently encountered in almost all clinical specialties. Assessing the adequacy of ophthalmology teaching in undergraduate medical educ ... Read More
Background:Breastfeeding is a physiological phenomenon; nonetheless, this act is a learned behaviour that requires continuous active support to make it successful. This study determines the frequenc ... Read More
Background:Sepsis is amongst the leading causes of admission to the intensive care units and is associated with a high mortality. However, data from developing countries is scares.Aim of ... Read More
Background: Malnutrition is a serious child health issue throughout the developing world.Pakistan has the second highest infant and child mortality rate in South Asia. This study was carried out to as ... Read More
Background: Distally based sural fascio-cutaneous flap is a commonly performed plastic surgery procedure for the coverage of distal third of leg, ankle and foot defects. However congestion is the main ... Read More
Background:Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is a cluster of coronary risk factors such as diabetes and pre-diabetes, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride (TG), low high density lipoprotein ... Read More
Background: Many types of hormonal contraceptives are in use nowadays for example oral pills, emergency contraceptive pills, vaginal rings, implantable rods and injectable contraceptives (co ... Read More
Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a common entity which is managed by neurosurgeons in day to day practice. Up-till now many treatment options have been adopted for it but micro-vascul ... Read More
Background:Anterior cervical discectomy is a common procedure for treating patients for cervical disc prolapse. This study was conducted to study the surgical outcome and demographic charact ... Read More
Background: Recent studies, including a comprehensive study by National Cancer Institute, have shown that a significant increase in the incidence of childhood brain tumours makes them the most common ... Read More
Background: Hydatid cyst of the brain is serious zoonotic parasitic infections which haveprofound health consequences if left untreated. The surgical excisions of the cysts arerewarding fo ... Read More
ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY IN EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN:AFIVEYEARS DATA ... Read More
Background: The developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) is regarded as one of the commonest congenital deformities. Its incidence has been estimated to be one in 60 live births according t ... Read More
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is associated with morbidity and mortality. To reduce its adverse effect modified ultrafiltration is being increasingly employed. This study is planned to evalu ... Read More
Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy which can have potentially dangerous complications if untreated. Its treatment is basical ... Read More
Background: Hepatitis is a major public health problem in Pakistan due to its strong association with liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. In Pakistan, conventional interferon therapy along wi ... Read More
Background:Angle’s paradigm has ruled the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for past several decades, but the recent introduction of the soft tissue paradigm has significantly ch ... Read More
Background:Ovarian cancers are the leading cause of death among gynaecologic neoplasms. The most common form of ovarian tumours is surface epithelial tumours divided as benign, borderline and malignan ... Read More
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to flaviviridae family that includes Dengue, West Nile, and Yellow Fever among others. Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 in Zika forest of Uganda.It i ... Read More
A 30 year old man presented with a three week history of worsening dyspnoea, productive cough and fever. Examination revealed cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and bilatera ... Read More
Understanding the text is crucial to achieve depth in understanding of complex concepts for students at all levels of education for whom English is not their first language. Reciprocal te ... Read More
Oropharyngeal cancers are the most common cancers of head neck region, they are placed amongst the top ten malignancies globally and around 40% of all the cancers in South and South East ... Read More
Varicocelectomy remains the same mainstay of treatment for varicoceles. However, with growing focus on minimally invasive techniques, recent literature has investigated the use of venous e ... Read More
We presentthe case of a gentleman who was being evaluated forrestrictive lung disease and was incidentally found to havemitral valve stenosis on an HRCT. During the surgical procedure for valve replac ... Read More
Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive in born error of metabolism which is characterized by the lack of cleavage of biotin. This diseasehas been reported very rarely with the inc ... Read More
Myxoidliposarcomas of the head and neck are mostly metastatic in nature, with the primarylesion usually in lower extremities or retroperitoneum. Primary mediastinal liposarcomas are even rarer. Alth ... Read More
Eales disease is an eponym after a British ophthalmologist Henry Eales. The aetiology behind Eales disease is ill-understood and stands controversial. Various systemic diseases associated with periphe ... Read More
Isolated tuberculosis of upper gastrointestinal tract is a rare pathology, often mimicking malignancy in clinical presentation and radiological features. We present a case of middle aged ge ... Read More
Cephalic tetanus is an emergency condition, which is commonly observed in child age group herewe report a case of 68-year-old man with the complain of right sided weakness for one day,as ... Read More
Hypertension in paediatric age group is commonly secondary to a known cause. It is crucial to identify the cause of hypertension and treat it before development of any associated complications to pre ... Read More
Diabetes mellitus is a complex multisystem disease that requires high quality care. Clinical practice guidelines help physicians and patients make the best possible health care decisions an ... Read More
Background: Constipation is considered as one of the most common non-motor manifestations in cerebral palsy (CP). Along with other reasons, spasticity also contributes in developing constipation in CP ... Read More
Background:Patients presenting for cardiac surgery have unstable cardiovascular disease and haemodynamics with multiple coexisting diseases. Optimal monitoring in the perioperative per ... Read More
Background: Atherosclerosis risk and incidence of developing chronic cardiovascular conditions vary greatly between ethnic groups in South Asian population. To evaluate different ethnic groups in Pak ... Read More
Background: Smoking is one of the most important yet modifiable risk factors for incidence, morbidity, recurrence and mortality from PulmonaryKoch’s or tuberculosis. This study attempted to ... Read More
Background:Non Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) is the most common acute optic neuropathy in patients over 50 years of age. This study was conducted to determine the beneficial ef ... Read More
Background:Otitismediawitheffusion(OME)isaleadingcauseofdifficultyinhearinginpaediat-ricpopulation.Otitismediawitheffusionmustbedetectedandmanagedearlytopreventconductivehearinglossinchildren.Itwasaim ... Read More
Background:The position and arrangement of teeth as well as the entire scheme of occlusion differs from one individual to the other .The purpose of this study was to examine differences ... Read More
Background:Bronchial asthma is a common disease and most asthmatics are obese. Both asthma and obesity are showing parallel trends in their increasing prevalence.Obesity is also the main ... Read More
Background: In recent years, bipolar Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been increasingly being used by urologist instead of conventional monopolar TURP for the treatment of enlarg ... Read More
Background: Local anaesthesia has been identified as the most favourable anaesthesia for elective inguinal hernia repair with respect to complication rate, cost effectiveness and ... Read More
Background:Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine the patterns and explore the determinan ... Read More
Background:Self-medication is a common practice which is influenced by level of education, society factors and health care facilities availability. In our region, Pakistan, it is very commo ... Read More
Background: Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus are two closely, bidirectional linked disease where periodontitis is a well-known complication of diabetes it is also considered to be a cause ... Read More
Background: Some recent studies have suggested that patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who undergo remission following treatment are likely to experience significant weight gain and may become ... Read More
Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections among women presenting to primary care causing rapidly increasing strains of resistant bact ... Read More
Background:Osteoporosis is a bone disorder, characterized by loss of bone mass density. Osteoporosis affects more than 30% of post-menopausal women. Osteoporosis is often associated with r ... Read More
Background: C-reactive protein concentration has continuous associations with risk of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke and death from several cancers. In addition, several studies ... Read More
1 J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2016;28(4)http://www.jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk721ORIGINAL ARTICLE HISTOLOGICAL PATTERN OF ENDOMETRIAL SAMPLES IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDINGFar ... Read More
Background: Involvement of both columns in acetabular fractures is a common presentation;these fractures create a challenging situation for the surgeons in terms of understanding ... Read More
Background: Diseases caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a worldwide distribution. Pakistan adopted the recommendations of World Health Organization (WHO) for routine universal infant va ... Read More
Background: Backache is a significant source of disability and suffering in our society. The treatment modalities need continued enhancement in order to achieve the desired goals ... Read More
Background:Chronic hepatitis has become a major health problem all over the world especially in the third world countries. The most common cause of chronic hepatitis in Pakistan is hepatitis C which c ... Read More
Background:Electrical burns are quite different from thermal and chemical burns. This study is from a centre which deals with job related electric burn injuries alone and thus can give a pure account ... Read More
Background:Prematurity is still a major problem for health care services throughout the world. Before the late 1980s, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the primary cause of morbidity and mortali ... Read More
Background:Anterior knee pain is the most common complaint after intramedullary nail of the tibia.The incidence of anterior knee pain ranges from 10–86% and the exact ethology is unclear. Transpatella ... Read More
Background: Orbital involvement in sinonasal diseases can present as proptosis, ophthalmoplegia or even as blindness due to optic nerve damage. There are a number of sinonasal diseases which can invol ... Read More
Background: This study was carried out to search for mutations in the gene encoding for Non-Structural Protein 5A, specifically in theinterferon sensitivity determiningregion of hepatitis C virus (HCV ... Read More
Background:Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious and potentially fatal condition where there is rapid progression of inflammation of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia and can be mono ... Read More
Background: Electrophysiological changes in cirrhosis are well known but least investigated especially in our country hence we wanted to see electrophysiological changes especially QT interv ... Read More
Background: Celiac crisis is a serious life threatening complication of celiac disease characterized by profuse diarrhoea, severedehydration and metabolic disturbances leading to neuromuscular weaknes ... Read More
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be gold standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones. Despite several benefits there are still disadvantages of laparosc ... Read More
Background: Class-1 malocclusion commonly presents with crowding and poses an aestheticconcern to patients.An orthodontist may encounter a variety of dental problems and must handle them strat ... Read More
Background: There is increasing evidence that in setting of critical ailments clinical signs lag biomarkers like Lactate and hyperlactetemia can be the only marker for this disorder. This study was ... Read More
Background:To evaluate the medium to long term cancer control, morbidity, mortality and functional outcome in men undergoing open radical retro pubic prostatectomy (RP) and pelv ... Read More
Background: Ultrasonographyhas proven to be quite effective in differentiating hepatocellular from obstructive cause of jaundice in various studies. This study was conducted with the aim to determine ... Read More
Background: The search is ongoing for simple, effective ways to identify and differentiate thyroid nodules in order to avoid invasive procedures. This study aims to perform an ultrasound as ... Read More
Background: Fast-track cardiac surgery programs have been established as the standard of cardiac surgical care. Studies have shown that early extubation in elective cardiac surge ... Read More
Chikungunya is one of the vector borne diseases.It is caused by Chikungunya virus,an alpha virus,spread by the bite of female Aedes mosquito. Chikungunya is a non-fatal, self-limiting Dengue like illn ... Read More
With the discovery of DAAs, the treatment of hepatitis C has improved a lot. But in this new era of DAAs several issues are also emerging. In this brief communication, we have tried to address the sal ... Read More
With the discovery of newer and newer DAAs, the cure of Hepatitis C seems to be a reality. But their high price and availability is a big hindrance. Sofosbuvir launched by Gilead costs a ... Read More
PakistanBackground: This study was conducted to determine the viral responses of patients with chronic infection of Hepatitis C virustreated withsofubuvir.Methods: This Quasi experimental study was co ... Read More
Muhammad Umar, Hamama-tul-Bushra Khaar, Tayyab Saeed Akhter, Faiza Aslam, Syed Irfan Ahmad, Rai Mohammad Asghar, Mohammad Khurram, Tassawar Hussain, Amjad Salamat, Anwar A. Khan, Fazal-e-Hadi ... Read More
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