تلخیص
This research paper deals with the methodologies and
rules of linguistic testimony and its sources.The introduction of
lexical citation (istishhād) in Arabic, its synonyms (ihtijāj, istidlāl,
tamthil) with their differences in usage and its importance as a tool
of attestation of the meanings of a word has also been elaborated.
The basic sources of the linguistic testimony namely, classic
Arabic Poetry, the Holy Qurān, sayings of the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) and language of nomadic Arabs have also been
discussed in the paper. The classical Arabic poetry is the most
authentic apparatus to fix the accurate lexical meanings of a word.
It has been used as linguistic testimony by the Companions of the
Prophet in the confirmation of Quranic words. The grammarians
preferred classic poetry to affirm their theoretical rules and made it a tool of rectification. However, philologists confined this source to
specification of period as well as tribes and its dialects.The Holy
Qurān, the revelation of Allah Almighty to human beings, revealed
in pure Arabic language spoken by nomadic Arabs of that time, is
the second source of linguistic testimony.Quran introduced many
new words and terms and extended the philological sense of
words of which Arabs were totally ignorant at that time. There has
been controversy between grammarians and theologians over the
taking of the Prophet’s Hadith as source of linguistic testimony.
The philologists and theologians have elaborated many rules and
regulations about taking the hadith as source of testimony which
have been analyzed in this research paper. General
methodologies and rules adopted by old and modern philologists
as well as the controversy between grammarians and theologians
regarding the sources of linguistic testimony have also been
briefly discussed.
الدكتور أبوبكر. (2017) الاستشهاد اللغوي ومصادر ه: المناهج والقواعد, Majallah Al-Qism Al-Arabi, Volume 24, Issue 1.
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