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Objective: To determine the frequency of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity
in patients suffering from autoimmune rheumatological diseases.
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Fatima Memorial
Hospital from May, 2019 to July, 2019. A total of 155 patients who were taking
HCQ for autoimmune diseases for more than 5 years were included. Patients
with maculopathy due to other causes were excluded. Patients having renal or
liver dysfunction were also excluded. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review board and patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled
in the study after getting informed consent. Optical Coherence Topography
(OCT) was performed and interpreted by consultant ophthalmologist of the
hospital.
Results: Mean age was 40.70 + 12.36 years ranging from 15 to 70 years.
Majority, 136 (87.7%) were females. Most common disease was rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) having 70 (45.2%) patients, followed by systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) with 60 (38.7%) patients. Bulls eye maculopathy was present in
3 (1.9%) and pre-maculopathy in 24 (15.5%) patients. Blurring of vision was
reported by 28 (18.16%) patients. Mean duration of HCQ therapy was 88.26 +
40.52 months. There was no association between retinal toxicity on OCT findings and age, gender, duration of the disease, HCQ dosage and cumulative
HCQ dosage (p-value 0.797, 0.808, 0.494, 0.483 and 0.749 respectively). However, duration of HCQ therapy was significantly associated with maculopathy
on OCT (p-value 0.025).
Conclusion: There is higher prevalence of retinal toxicity due to HCQ therapy
in Pakistani population. There is a positive correlation between duration of
HCQ therapy and retinal toxicity.
Muhammad Faiq, Muhammad Haroon, Muhammad Sufyan Aneeq Ansari, Asad Ullah Khan, Muhammad Ahmed Saeed, Muhammad Zeeshan Aslam. (2020) OCULAR TOXICITY OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES; A TERTIARY CARE EXPERIENCE IN PAKISTAN, Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Volume 4, Issue 2.
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