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Lignocellulose for biofuels production is considered as chief renewable biomass source. Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is extensively recognized as an additive or as a substitute to fossil fuel due to its trivial influence on the environment. Second generation (2G) or cellulosic bio-ethanol is produced from the biomass in three main steps that are pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. The pre-treatment method involves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e., solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to breakdown the lignocellulose into its components. Pre-treatment process changes
cellulose morphological, chemical and physical features, making it prone to enzymatic attack for saccharification. In this review, we have discussed different pre-treatment methods and their effect on recalcitrant structure of lignocelluloses for making it readily available for enzymatic hydrolysis
Raazia Kiran, Alya Riaz, Muhammad Irfan, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir. (2017) An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products, Punjab University Journal of Zoology, Volume 32, Issue 2.
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