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In Pukhtoon culture, the Jirga system is the oldest and well-established institution for conflict resolution. However, to date, its history, constitution and actions mostly remain verbal. It is one of the institutions that act as a strong power behind the entire lives of the tribal people individually and publically. Jirga system is practiced as the best tool for conflict resolution and satisfies the aspirations of the people. The mechanism of Jirga is very simple and straightforward, it proceeded in the local language according to custom and tradition of the locality. It provides swift justice and accessible as well as affordable to everyone. However, despite some good results, the Jirga system is not without problems and serious challenges. The fingers pointed out on it, such as favoritism in making and implementing the decision. The procedure of Jirga is simple; it is traditional and cost-effective. It follows local language, customs, and traditions, thus creates ownership in the local population.
Shaukatullah, Rubina Ali. (2021) The Mechanism of Tribal Jirga System: Challenges and Prospects, Central Asia, Volume 88, Issue Summer.
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