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Multi-flower inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) showing phyllody, virescence and big bud disease like symptoms were collected from experimental fields in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Light and electron microscopic observation confirmed the presence of phytoplasma in infected sunflower plants. DNA was extracted from infected samples for nested PCR using phytoplasma universal and specific primers based on 16Sr DNA sequence. The PCR detection, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequence (phylogeny) comparison of 16S rDNA showed the close association (>99-100% sequence similarity) of submitted accession number (MK421430.1) of sunflower phytoplasmas with peanut witches’-broom group (16SrII-D) available at NCBI. Transmission trials for disease transmission confirmed that the leaf hoppers, Orosius argentatus and Circulifer tenellusas were responsible to spread the sunflower phyllody diseases from symptomatic to asymptomatic sunflower plants. According to our knowledge, this is the first time identification of 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma and associated potential insect vectors for sunflower phytoplasma disease transmission. It is further suggested to screen existed germplasm of sunflower against phytoplasma and not to use susceptible cultivars/germplasm to develop new varieties. The developed varieties from existing susceptible germplasm will not be able to resist phytoplasma diseases. Moreover, the identified potential insect vectors of sunflower phyllody diseases should be controlled so that it does not spread to other agricultural crops.
Muhammad Aslam, Samina Tanwir. (2021) FIRST REPORT OF 16SrII-D PHYLLODY PHYTOPLASMA AND ASSOCIATED INSECT VECTORS INFECTING MULTI-FLOWER INBRED LINES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) in FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 58, Issue 3.
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