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The present research was conducted to develop an indigenous scale to measure peer pressure for adolescents
(14-18 years). Behaviors exhibited due to peer pressure were identified using theoretical and empirical methods.
During behaviors generation phase, 161 behaviors were generated with the help of existing literature, experts,
university students, adolescents. A team of researchers selected behaviors representing peer pressure after
careful scrutiny. Repeated, overlapping, age-wise inappropriate behaviors were discarded and 58 behaviors
were transformed into items by researchers. The response format selected for Peer Pressure Assessment Scale
(PPAS) was: Never (1), Sometimes (2), Seldom (3) and Always (4). For empirical evaluation, sample
comprising 207 adolescents (118 girls and 89 boys) was conveniently drawn from government and private
schools and colleges of Sargodha. Principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation provided two
factors solution and 29 items were finally retained using .4 factor loading criterion for Peer Pressure
Assessment Scale (PPAS) with two subscales; Destructive influence of peer pressure (22 items) and
Constructive influence of peer pressure (7items) respectively. Item analysis and alpha reliability revealed high
internal consistency for PPAS (α=.84) and its subscales. Initial Scoring procedure was devised by analyzing
percentile scores and discriminated among high, moderate and low peer pressure. There was no gender
difference in experiencing peer pressure that is why no separate cutoff scores were determined. Findings are
discussed in the light of indigenous cultural knowledge.
Wjiha Mahmood, Sultan Shujja , Mohsin Atta. (2013) Development and Preliminary Validation of Peer Pressure Assessment Scale (PPAS) for Pakistani Adolescents, Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume 11, Issue 1.
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