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The present study was undertaken to explore the natural maintenance of spatial zones among university students. It was a naturalistic field observation and exploratory in nature. A minimum of 400 observations were collected in 4 university environments (central library, bus point, bus, and canteen). The postural-sex identifiers, sociofugal-sociopetal orientation, and kinesthetic factor of Hall's (1963) notation for proxemic behavior were recorded. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Z test for 2 independent samples and the chi-square test were used to test differences between groups. It was found that the side-by-side orientation was most common in all environments. Personal space was the distance most often maintained in all environments, except in the bus; and there was more intimate space use in sociopetal environments than sociofugal environments. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between orientation and distance, using Kendall's tau-b. Both genders mostly used personal space, but more female students used intimate space, and more male students used social and public space. It was also found that those students who are alone prefer to use public space.

Anber Y. Khan, Anila Kamal . (2010) EXPLORING THE MAINTENANCE OF SPATIAL ZONES BY MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS IN FOUR UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENTS , Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume 8, Issue 1.
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