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The present study explored problems faced by transgenders in the slums of Punjab, Pakistan. Transgenders are also known as hijras, Khwaja seras, etc. (GIA, 2021) and are a stigmatized minority group of people that can be classified as intersex (Ahmad, 2021), third gender (Ahmad, 2019), cross-dresser, transvestite, etc. (GIA, 2021). One hundred and fifty-three transgenders were collected through snowball sampling and were interviewed. Thematic analyses of these interviews revealed that the transgenders experienced six categories of problems that included bullying and discrimination, family and relationship, housing and community, justice and police, the general public, and psycho-medical problems. The study documented different discriminatory behaviors experienced by transgenders as they faced legal, social, and economic hurdles, their problems like social isolation, dignity, and blame. This study documents problems faced by this marginalized group and presented in-depth data that would urge policymakers and society to provide rights any common citizen of Pakistan enjoys.

Shahida Sadiq, Aneeza Bashir. (2022) Problems Experienced by Hijras or Hermaphrodites in Slums of Punjab, Journal of Behavioural Sciences, volume-32, issue 2.
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