تلخیص
This study aims at exploring the concept of Focalization, one of the
aspects of Narratology, in Sur Marui of Shah Jo Risalo of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai (Sufi poet of Sindh, Pakistan). The analysis of the sur is made in the light of
the model of focalization presented by Gerard Genette and Rimmon-Kenan.
The model is divided into its types such as internal and external and facets
such as perceptual, psychological and ideological. The story of the sur is mediated through both internal and external focalization. The internal focalization
is made through Marui who is the first person character-narrator, the camel
rider and Marui’s kinsfolk who are the first person character- narratees and
the third person heterodiegetic (authorial) narrator. The external focalization
is made through the third person heterodiegetic (authorial) narrator and
sometimes by Marui, the first person homodiegetic narrator. In the perceptual
facet of focalization, Marui, the camel rider and Marui’s kinsfolk remain limited only to their present and do not flash-forward and flashback in time and
space; in the psychological facet of focalization, they see through their own
consciousness and do not enter the minds of other characters and in the ideological facet, they show themselves marginalized. In the perceptual facet of
focalization, the third person authorial narrator has privilege to see and report
what Marui sees and does. He jumps into the past and present without any
temporal and spatial restrictions. In the psychological facet of focalization, he
is an omniscient narrator who has ability to enter the minds of Marui and other characters simultaneously and reports what they feel and think. In the ideological facet, the mystic ideology is conceptualized as a dominant ideology
Mr. Muhammad Hassan Khoso, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khan Sangi, Dr. Abdul Hameed Panhwar. (2021) Focalization in Shah jo Risalo: A Narratological Analysis of Sur Marui, Kalachi, Volume 24, issue 2.
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