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تلخیص
Studies of graphemes in Urdu started during last quarter of 19th century. There are many contextual elements we find but basically it was political situation of the sub-continent which was playing the major role. After 1857 the socio political scenario of India changed and Hindus and other identities started coming in prominence. They wanted to undo many things happened during almost thousand years long Muslim rule. The Urdu Language and its graphemes are one of their main targets. Like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan many Muslim stood in front of such oppositions and they strongly promoted and fortified Urdu. In this article initial works of Urdu grapheme have been discussed in this context.

Dr. Zafar Ahmed. (2018) Hindi-Urdu controversy and Urdu Graphemes, DARYAFT, Volume 19 , Issue 1.
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