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By 1st century BC Buddhism was one of the prominent religions in South Asia. Buddhist worship was focused upon stupas (either rock cut or free standing) containing relics and smaller (votive) stupas within monastic establishments. The monasteries were centers of learning, teaching and writing of religious treatises. Buddhist religious centers received the patronage of kings, guilds, merchants, bankers etc. Buddhist institutions were perhaps instrumental for expansion of trade and economic growth.

AMBIKA B. PATEL. (2012) Icons of Buddha from Early Historic Buddhist Art of Gujarat, Western India, Pakistan Heritage, Volume 4, Issue 1.
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