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Purpose: Early detection, to study the frequency, appropriate photocoagulation therapy and to educate masses at broader level.
Material and Methods: This study was carried out at department of Ophthalmology, Bolan Medical College / Helpers’ Teaching Eye Hospital, Quetta from June 2006 to June 2008. All patients were known diabetic. About 2580 patients were selected for the study. All the patients, screened for diabetic retinopathy, had complete detailed history including family history. The investigations included Urine and blood sugar analysis both in fasting and random states. Every patient had complete ocular examination. It included visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, ophthalmoscopy with both, direct, indirect ophthalmoscope and +90D lens. FFA and Fundus photography were done where it was necessary. The patients of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic maculopathy were subjected to photocoagulation therapy. The patients with vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) were dealt by vitrectomy.
Results: Approximately 2580 patients were registered for study. Age group ranged between 22-75 years. Average age was 51 years. Among them 1497 (58%) were male and 1083 (42%) were females. About 582 patients were having IDDM while 1998 were NIDDM variety. Out of 2580 patients, 1410 patients were suffering from diabetic retinopathy. The male patients were about 59% (832) and female were 41% (578). 92% of patients presented with bilateral retinopathy and 8% with unilateral retinopathy. The relationship of retinopathy with duration was as under. It was 19% in 1-5 years duration, 27% in 6-10 years, 70% in 11-15 years, 82% in 16-20 years and 90% in more than 20 years duration period. 1652 eyes (61%) presented as Non-Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 1056 (39%) as Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) was seen in 677 eyes with NPDR and 216 eyes with PDR i.e. 893 eyes (33%). Vitreous haemorrhage was seen in 189 eyes (7%) and tractional retinal detachment in 54 eyes (2%), Neovascular glaucoma in 27 eyes (1%). Laser photocoagulation was done in 1056 eyes. Visual Acuity improved in 327 eyes (3%). It remained same in 507 eyes (48%) while it got worse in 222 eyes (21%).
Conclusion: In this hospital based descriptive study, diabetic retinopathy was more frequently seen in male individual. (a) The presentation of diabetic retinopathy was bilateral in majority of patients. (b) The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was related with duration of diabetes. Non-Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was more frequent as compared to Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Laser photocoagulation improved vision in patients of diabetic retinopathy who had no vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment.
Abdul Qayyum, Amir Muhammad Babar, Gurmak Das, Abdullah Jan Badini. (2010) Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Quetta Balochistan, Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume 26, Issue 4.
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