تلخیص
For centuries women have been pushed to the periphery by patriarchs in order to maintain their supremacy over them. This practice has been continued since olden times and has affected women no matter to which society, culture, colour, country or continent they belong. In the past, literary field had been dominated by male writers only. In the middle of the nineteenth century many female authors of English as well as Urdu language, came forward with a radical feminist philosophy hence fighting for equal rights in society. They have portrayed such memorable characters who not only struggle for survival but also for their honour. Alice Walker in The Color Purple has suggested to the African, American women to get liberation through their consciousness. Similarly, Ismat Chughtai believes in the awareness, boldness and individuality of the women of Indian subcontinent. Both Alice Walker and Ismat Chughtai though indicate patriarchal biases yet never show any hatred against men. They depict through their female characters that women have to explore their own potential. Their women characters long for love. Their women protagonists struggle against patriarchal social patterns. Their principal male characters play negative roles by humiliating female protagonists. But the most positive and similar aspect of these women novelists is that their women are never man-haters. Instead their women are patient, bold, considerate and forgiving towards all, without discrimination of gender.
پروفیسر نائلہ ارشد,محمد افضال بٹ. (2018) عصمت چغتائی اور ایلس والکر کے نسوانی کرداروں کا تقابلی جائزہ, تحقیقی جریدہ, Volume 2, Issue 2.
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