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The whole essence of the management activities of an organization culminates in the system of performance appraisal adopted in that organization. This, in turn, reflects the extent of the individual c ... Read More
Social Exchange theorists have argued that human beings exchange monetary and non monetary things to each other. When somebody makes a favor to another, this puts a social obligation on him to recipro ... Read More
It was some where in 1992-93 when as editor of a professional magazine, I used the expression of 2+2=5 for an article on synergy. A decade and a half ahead I develop this article for exploring creativ ... Read More
There is a general feeling among employees that senior managers do not delegate adequate authority to their subordinates even in cases of routine assignments. This notion is further strengthened when ... Read More
Whereas mainstream organizational theory assumes existing arrangements as “ structures not of domination but of formal, legitimate, functional authority,” the neo-Marxists view organizations as system ... Read More
In this brief article we plan to discuss in some detail some of the global and local causes of rising poverty and the incredible violence in Pakistan. Attempt will also be made to suggest certain reme ... Read More
The best way to predict the future is to create it.” Peter Durcker Managers of any organization are not only responsible for routine affairs, but are also tasked to shape future of their firms by sett ... Read More
The modern business world is characterized by dynamic, changing markets and continuous technological advancement. Knowledgeintensive value creation requires a reassessment of the weighting of factors ... Read More
The Principles of Scientific Management are an ever living monograph which has been at the center of the focus of students and schollars of management sciences since it was published in 1911.1 Under t ... Read More
The paper evaluates the prospects of trade, industrial development opportunities and their economic benefits through Gwadar Port. The importance of Port is manifold. Gwadar is not only going to play p ... Read More
In this paper, a review of literature regarding the evaluation of brands and brand management practices are traced back to Agrarian period (Egypt) and effort has been made to avoid the theoretical asp ... Read More
Managing human resources effectively has become vital to organizations of the twenty-first century. The heightened levels of global competitiveness have alerted all firms to the fact that all their re ... Read More
The globalization of markets since the later part of the twentieth century has enhanced the need and importance of research on the impact of country-of-origin image in cross-national consumer behavior ... Read More
The overriding objectives of Islam are the establishment of a just sociomoral order – free from all sorts of oppression, corruption and exploitation whether these elements are prompted by the business ... Read More
This paper examines the differences between Japanese and Pakistani managerial practices in handling of their organizational human resource. Our aim is to understand as to how Japanese firms have manag ... Read More