Abstract
pilepsy is a chronic disorder presented by recurrent episodes of seizures and affect worldwide
individuals. The underlying mechanism of seizure is still elusive. Hence, there is still a need to determine
the contribution of various systems in neurobiology and treatment of seizure. Evidence shows that opioid
and nitrergic systems within the brain interact to modulate various physiological and pathological
conditions including memory, pain, reward, addiction, depression, and seizure. Various studies revealed that
diverse dose of opioids such as morphine has dual modulation in seizure susceptibility. For instance, it is
reported that morphine at lower doses (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg) exerts an anticonvulsant effect in experimental
seizure models, whereas at higher doses (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) it could exacerbate the seizure. Similarly,
nitrergic system has also been observed to possess dual effects in modulating the seizure threshold. Therefore,
understanding of opioidergic and nitrergic systems interaction in seizure seems important to achieve the
successful goal of seizure management. This review aimed to clarify and provide insight into how opioidergic
and nitrergic systems interact in brain and mediate seizure behavior.
Muhammad Imran Khan, Farid Ullah Shah, Abdul Wahab, Vahid Nikoui, Ahmad Reza Dehpour. (2019) The role of opioid and nitrergic systems in dual modulation of seizure susceptibility, Advancements in Life Sciences, Volume 7, Issue 4.
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