Abstract
Natural substances with medicinal properties have been isolated from several plants and
are advocated for use as antimicrobials. This study was aimed at evaluating the
antibacterial activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of four plants against selected bacterial
species. The plants examined were Helianthus annuus, Moringa oleifera, Euphorbia
heterophylla and Physalis angulata while the bacterial species were Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp.
The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was carried out, using the agar
diffusion method while the growth profiles of the test bacterial species were carried out
in broth media. The plant extracts were observed to contain phenol, terpenoids,
saponins and tannins as phytochemical constituents. All the extracts showed inhibition
against most of the test bacteria, although the degree of inhibition was observed to be
directly proportional to the concentration used. However, Klebsiella sp was recorded to
show resistance to most concentrations of the extracts with resistance to all
concentrations of the Physialis angulata. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of all the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was observed to
be 500 mg/L. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MIC of 500 and 2000 mg/L were observed
for Physalis angulata and Euphorbia heterophylla, respectively while 1000 mg/L was
observed for the Helianthus annuus and Moringa oleifera. In presence of the extracts,
extended lag period was observed during growth, when compared to the control broth
culture. In some cases, growth was not evident in the broth cultures containing the
extracts throughout the period of incubation. The findings of this study could help in
the development of advanced products that can be of medical and pharmaceutical
importance.
Oghenerobor B. Akpor, Faith U. Hussein, Olarewaju M. Oluba, Tomilola D. Olaolu, Olayinka O. Alabi, Ayoola J. Shoyombo. (2020) Antibacterial potential of ethanol leave extracts of Helianthus annuus, Moringa oleifera, Euphorbia heterophylla and Physalis angulata, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Volume 8, Issue 3.
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