Abstract
The author presents a commentary on the portrayal of ‘nautch girls’ (‘nautch’ is an anglicized version of nāch) in the Urdu novel. In a discussion on Mirza Hadi Ruswa’s Umrāo Jān Adā, Hasan Shah’s Fasāna-e-Rangīn, Quratulain Hyder’s Gardish-e Rang-e Chaman, Saadat Hasan Manto’s Mozail, and Ghulam Abbas’ Ānandī, Raza Rumi analyses these works by rehabilitating them in a continuum of an important theme in Urdu literature—the theme of confident, empowered, and highly intelligent female characters who appear in the public sphere.
Raza Rumi . (2012) “Who will listen to the tale of my woeful heart?” The portrait of ‘nautch girls’ in early Urdu literature, Bunyad, Vol 2, Issue 2 .
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