Abstract
Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) are emerging as the most common infectious diseases
of humans. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens therefore, this project engrossed
on defining the current drift of bacterial etiologies of respiratory tract infections among the patients and their
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: This cross-sectional study with non-probability consecutive sampling was conducted in the
microbiology laboratory of Ziauddin Hospital. Bacterial isolates (163) were recuperated from respiratory
sputum specimens obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogens collected
for study were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Frequencies
and percentages were computed for categorical variables like microorganism, gender, age, duration of
lower respiratory tract infections, etc. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative
variables like age and infection duration. Furthermore, duration of disease was stratified by post stratification
Chi Square with p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Most commonly isolated pathogen is Moraxella catarrhalis 72.39% followed by Haemophilus
influenza 14.72% and Streptococcus pneumonia 12.88%. For Streptococcus pneumoniae 47% sensitivity
showed to Ampicillin, 52% Penicillin, 61.9% Erythromycin and 57% to Ceftriaxone. For Haemophilus influenzae
100%, sensitivity showed to Ceftriaxone, 100% Amoxicillin and 62.5% Co-trimoxazole. Similarly, for Moraxella
catarrhalis 54% sensitivity was showed to Erythromycin, 100% Ceftriaxone and 27% with Levofloxacin.
Conclusion: Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most
common bacterial isolates recovered from LTRIs. We found M. catarrhalis resistant rate was elevated for
Levofloxacin, Streptococcus pneumonia for Co-trimoxazole and Haemophilus influenzae to all β-lactams.
Fareeha Adnan, Nazia Kurshid, Faisal Iqbal Afridi. (2020) Etiological Trends and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains Causing Respiratory Tract Infections, The Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Volume 9, Issue 4.
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