Abstract
This article offers a seminal study of hitherto uncompiled poetry which is rooted in the struggle against
bonded labour in Pakistan. At the theoretical level, this study attempts to engage with Muhammad Azeem’s attempt
to connect Marxism to Pakistani realities, an effort we call ‘Indigenizing Marxism’ here. Azeem’s effort is probably
the first of its kind which is available in print. The paper uses his insights to offer a reading of the resistance poetry of
Manzoor Niazi who has used his poetic prowess to highlight the plight of labourers—children, men and women—
who work under the shackles of debt bondage. The paper argues that Niazi’s poetry foresaw Azeem’s theorization as
he attempted to bring together in his poetry the revolutionary socialist fervour but with a style that was inclusive of
indigeneity.
Muhammad Nasir, Shahzeb Khan. (2021) Indigenizing Marxism: Resistance, Poetry and Bonded Labour in Pakistan, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume-58, Issue-1.
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