Abstract
Engineering consent of people and policymakers through media is an art which has helped influential actors
in power structure affect the nations and institutions at mass level through their decisions. In spite of
reporting news in objective manner, opinions are injected in many important news items in newspapers.
Herman and Chomsky (2003) have defined five filters i.e. ownership, sourcing, advertisement, flak,
dominant ideology in propaganda model which are working in newspapers to fulfill specific agenda of
influential factors in the society. Whereas opinionated news items are considered to strengthen one’s existing
thoughts and beliefs or manufacture one’s consent towards a specific ideology/thoughts. Ideas are produced,
distributed and consumed within the audience through opinionated news. Through content analysis of news
items published in Pakistan’s leading English language dailies (Dawn and The News), this study aims
developed a nine-point model to detect the application of these propaganda filters. The study found that both
Dawn and The News reports published on front and back pages during 2013 included opinion and made
predictions of future with relevant attributions, which lead to propaganda in news. Also, The News made
more propaganda through news reports as compared to Dawn during the year 2013.
Khuram Shahzad, Noshina Saleem, Muhammad Shabbir Sarwar. (2021) Overtness vs Covertness: Operations of Propaganda Model Filters in Pakistani Newspapers, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume-58, Issue-2.
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