Abstract
Chronobiology is the study of biological rhythms. Biological rhythms are driven endogenously in the form of biochemical or physiological processes and are altered by external cues or stimuli.1 These external environmental cues or stimuli are the zeitgebers, the important one of these cues is daylight. Zeitgebers the stimuli which are capable to entrain/alter circadian rhythms.2 The daily rhythms have been observed not only in mammals but also in plants, fungi, and cyanobacteria.3 Recent studies have shown that the pacemaker for daily rhythms is located in the supra-chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus in the brain.4 When the SCN is stimulated by any zeitgeber like light, temperature, etc. from the surroundings, it sets the principal timing cues to synchronize the circadian rhythms of different proteins in brain tissues.5 It has been widely studied that proteins are responsible not only for making cell structures but also involved in physiological functioning. So, depending on time of the day, the physiological functioning is altered which further leads to the alteration of the behaviours.
Muhammad Rafiq. (2021) Chronobiology to Chronopsychology: Implications in Psychotherapy, Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Volume-60, Issue-2.
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