Abstract
A field experiment was conducted with the objectives to improve nitrogen use efficiency, reduce the cost of production and improve the wheat yield and quality on sustained basis. Trial was conducted following randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. In three main plots, randomization of manure was done as no poultry manure application, 1 t ha-1 layer poultry manure (N=3.96%, P=1.92%, K=1.5%) and 1 t ha-1 broiler poultry manure (N=3.12%, P=1.84%, K=1.5%). In five sub plots, randomization of nitrogen from urea source was done at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 . Application of poultry manure (layer or broiler) increased yield components and grain yield significantly. Grain yield, grain crude protein contents, number of fertile tillers, spike length, flag leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and number of grains increased with each increasing rate of applied nitrogen however, maximum agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (27.39 kg kg-1 ), physiological nitrogen use efficiency (41.03 kg kg-1 ) and 1000-grain weight (37.50 g) were observed in treatment where nitrogen was applied at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 . Maximum grain yield and benefit cost ratio were observed where layer poultry manure was applied in integration with 100 kg ha-1 nitrogen. However, economic analysis showed that farmers can get maximum benefits (BCR= 2.6) by applying layer poultry manure in integration with 100 kg N ha-1 , or by broiler poultry manure application along with 75 kg N ha-1 (BCR= 2.5).
Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Haroon Zaman Khan, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid, Muhammad Sarwar. (2015) Improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality by integration of urea with poultry manure, The Journal Soil & Environment , Volume 34, Issue 2.
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