Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious bacterial disease that is curable but needs continuous treatment by multiple drugs for a
prolonged duration of time. This is further compounded by the emerging drug resistance which is gradually increasing to the extent that totally drug
resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are being identified in the tuberculosis high burden regions. Objectives: This study is intended to explore the invitro resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Study design: Retrospective/Observational study.
Settings: Charsada Teaching Hospital affiliated with Jinnah Medical College Peshawar. Duration: January 2015 to December 2016. Methodology:
Record of 873 samples received for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and sensitivity were retrieved. The sensitivity results were analyzed and
resistance to first-line tuberculosis drugs was noted. Results: A total of 873 samples for TB culture and sensitivity were processed, from January2015
to December 2016 (two years). Positive growth was achieved in 31 samples. The sensitivity results showed that 8 isolates (25.8%) of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis were resistant to at least one first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The resistance pattern to first-line drugs was as follows: Streptomycin 6.5%,
Isoniazid (INH) 9.7%, Rifampicin 3.2% and Ethambutol 6.5%. The MDR-TB isolates encountered (resistant to both INH and Rifampicin) were 3.2%.
Conclusions: One quarter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were resistance to one or more first-line tuberculosis drugs. Maximum and minimum
resistance was encountered to INH and Rifampicin, respectively. MDR-TB (resistant to both INH and Rifampicin) was also encountered. All efforts
should be put together for public awareness, early diagnosis, adequate treatment and surveillance.
Amjad Ali Khan, Abdul Shaheed Asghar, Khalid Ur Rehman Hashmi,, Muhammad Shahzad Farooq, Bushra Shaheen, Iqra Ali. (2019) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Pattern of First Line Drug Resistance, Annals of Punjab Medical College, Volume 13, Issue 1.
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