Abstract
Background: Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis [VVC] is the most common cause of vaginitis and the incidence of
candidiasis almost doubles in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester . Pregnancy can be affected
by VVC in a very negative manner as it can lead to candida chorioamnionitis and subsequent preterm
delivery . Premature neonates are severely endangered by generalized fungal infections, therefore prevention
of fungal infections is of utmost importance.
Objectives: The objective of our study was estimation of the incidence of candidal vulvovaginitis in
pregnant females, both with and without diabetes.
Study design: Cross-sectional study conducted in Out-patient obstetrics clinic at Fatima Memorial Hospital
(FMH), Lahore.
Materials and Method: Sampling technique was Non-probability purposive sampling. 150 female subjects
(non-diabetic= 75 and Diabetic = 75) of 18-45 years of age were included in the study . Their history was
recorded and sterile speculum examination was carried out to collect vaginal swabs. Swabs were cultured on
blood agar to find the organism. Glycemic control was measured by estimating HbA1c.
Results: There was no significant difference in the age of both groups. Among the diabetics, 45% of the cases
developed VVC as compared to the non diabetic group in which only 27% were having the condition (p
<0.05). No difference in terms of symptoms was witnessed between both of the study groups (P >0.05).
V aginal culture came out to be positive in 36% of the study subjects. Glycemic control according to HbA1c
levels in majority was average (55%). Candidal vulvovaginitis was more common in cases with average
blood sugar control as compared to those with good glycemic control. The likelihood ratio was found to be
25.35 by chi square test (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: VVC is more frequent among diabetic pregnant patients and is directly correlated with blood
sugar level.
