Abstract
India and Pakistan have been locked into adversarial relations since 1947. The major conflict
between the two countries is the territorial status of Kashmir including several sidelining issues
that further deteriorated the bilateral relations. The two countries have been part of several pacts,
peace initiatives to manage and resolve their conflict, however, none of the peace efforts could
bring them nearer to final settlement. Regional and international developments also impacted
relations between India and Pakistan and both were part of various international alliances in cold
war era. In post cold war times, the two countries acquired nuclear weapons in May 1998 and
since then Kashmir was declared as nuclear flash point. It is therefore needed to encourage India
and Pakistan to seek common grounds for better peace prospects in the region. The paper caters a
historical survey as well as analysis on India – Pakistan confidence building measures (CBMs)
and also suggests future prospects for peaceful co-existence. It also outlines why few agreements
could not save the two countries for preceding acrimony and did not serve the purpose of
resolving Kashmir conflict once for all
Maria Saifuddin Effendi, Ishtiaq Ahmad Choudhry. (2016) India – Pakistan CBMs since 1947 A Critical Analysis, South Asian Studies, Volume 31, Issue 1.
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