Abstract
Why does China Fortify Pakistan’s Defense?
With the advent of nuclear weapons escalation between India and Pakistan is
less likely. Kargilcrisis (1999) is the testament that nuclear deterrence in South
Asia got credibility. The most dominating factor in this entire phenomenon is the
balance of power in South Asia. Balance of power between or among states is hard
to achieve and equally challenging is to maintain it.If balance of power between
states gets upset then they are more likely to engage into serious conflict. Balance
of Power in South Asian region continued until Indo-US civil nuclear deal in
2005.Indo-US nuclear deal seriously damaged existing balance of power which
would restart tensions between nuclear armed rivals.
Final approval of Indo-US nuclear deal was given by US congress on October
1, 2008. Indo-US nuclear deal proved a watershed as it lifted three-decade long US
sanctions on nuclear technology transfer to India.Where some of the proponents of
the deal lauded that it would expand US assistance to India’s civilian nuclear
energy program,on the other hand critics in United States criticized that this deal
has reversed US’ half century long efforts on Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty
(NPT).Additionally, this act of United States may prove counterproductive in
preventing Iran and North Korea going nuclear and would trigger arms race in
South Asia. This notion stood correct and North Korea has conducted three
nuclear tests since 2006 (http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/world/asia/northkorea-threatens-to-conduct-nuclear-test.html?_r=0 ).Which has further heightened
tensions between US and North Korea.
Science and technology fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations Charles D.
Ferguson says that if we look at three counties(India, Pakistan &Israel) outside the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT),this is a unique deal.
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2008/09/04/AR2008090401614.html)
Rizwan Naseer, Musarat Amin . (2015) Sino-Pakistan Maneuvering to Balance the Power in South Asia, South Asian Studies, Volume 30, Issue 2.
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