Abstract
To find frequency and review of causative factors of typhoid fever in patients who presented in mayo hospital surgical emergency department both during and pre-lockdown periods due to corona virus. Method: The research was carried out at General Surgical Department (West Surgical Ward) Mayo Hospital Lahore, from Feb 2020 to May 2020. This is a retrospective descriptive study. Total numbers of patients included were 58. All patients who presented with typhoid peritonitis to surgical emergency were included in
this study. Patient demographics include age, gender, type of water and food consumed socioeconomic status, symptoms, investigations and medication used for treatment of disease. Causative factors analyzed regarding their effect on typhoid using blood culture as marker of disease. SPSS version 20 was used to analyses. Results: There were 43 males (74.1%) and 15 females (25.9%) with mean age at presentation 32.67 ± 16.22 S.D. (range =14-72 years). Thirty-three patient (n=33, 56.7%) presented before lockdown and twenty-five
(n=25, 43.1%) presented after lockdown. Fever was predominant symptom (n=58,100%) and mean age of fever was 12.06 ± 5.27 S.D days. The total number of patients who were positive for antibodies performed by Typhidot test were 63.8% (n=37) while 70.7 % (n=41) patients were positive for typhoid fever by blood culture test. The factors remained associated with typhoid fever during Covid-19 lockdown were usage of tap water (p=0.022) and using street food (p=0.000). Conclusion: Our review showed that there is decrease in frequency of patients of typhoid fever who presented in surgical emergency of mayo hospital Lahore during lock down for covid-19 pandemic. In these cases, increase number of disease was related by using tap water and unhygienic food conditions. The recognition of water and unhygienic food as main causes for typhoid disease in our country; it highlights the significance of enhancing our understanding of transmission modes, trends and origins of typhoid fever in countries such as Pakistan.
