Abstract
The US responded to the 9/11 terrorist attacks by invading Afghanistan. The US invasion
had two perceived objectives: Military and Political. The military objective was to eliminate AlQaida and Taliban in order to restore peace, while the political dimension was to rebuild the
Afghan state and society from scratch, to establish a healthy democratic system which would put
Afghanistan on the road to prosperity. In Dec 2001, nearly all the Afghan stakeholders, except
Taliban, gathered along with the representatives of international community in Bonn, Germany.
The purpose of the conference was to discuss the plans which would help to materialize the
dream of a stable and democratic Afghanistan. The project of democratic Afghanistan envisioned
at Bonn Conference in 2001 is still far from being achieved. All the attempts made by
international community to establish democracy in Afghanistan have not been met with success.
The study begins with the premise that there are certain pre-conditions which enhance the growth
of democracy and unless the conditions are met, democratic stability will remain a distant dream
in Afghanistan. This study surveys and analyzes the deterioration of democratic system in
Afghanistan with special reference to the role of ethnic cleavages and the menacing influence of
foreign actors. The study recommends policies that are aimed at reducing ethnic polarization by
ensuring more equitable distribution of power and resources coupled with a realistic approach
on the part of Kabul to take into account the legitimate security interests of regional countries in
order to compel them to play a constructive role for achieving peace and stability in Afghanistan
Dr. Mohammad Younus, Dr. Aisha Shahzad. (2020) Democracy in Afghanistan and External Actors, Journal of Arts and Social sciences, Volume 7, Issue 1.
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