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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto emerged as the populist leader in the elections of 1970 with his
Pakistan People’s Party established in 1967. Bhutto had worked in Ayub Khan’s
cabinet for a long time and he knew the weaknesses of incumbent government.
Having established his party, he challenged the policies of Ayub government and
pioneered the movement for the downfall of Ayub regime. The elections of 1970
yielded polarized electoral mandate in which Awami League won thumping
majority in East Pakistan while Pakistan People’s Party outdid rivals in the West
Pakistan. Since Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was influenced by socialism, he sought to
implement Fabian Socialism in Pakistan. Industries were nationalized and land
reforms were introduced. The cry for land reforms had been throughout
Pakistan’s history but first serious attempt was made by Ayub regime. Bhutto
criticized land reforms of Ayub in his election campaign alleging their
ineffectiveness. He promised in election manifesto and implemented land reforms
in 1972. Land reforms evoked various responses and yielded many results. This
paper investigates the history and politics of land reforms in Pakistan and
analyses land reforms of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in particular.
Muhammad Abrar Zahoor. (2018) History and Politics of Land Reforms in Pakistan: A Case Study of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Era, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume 31, Issue 2.
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