تلخیص
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of surface application and plowing of phosphogypsum and turkey
litter to a depth of 20 cm on the erodibility of clay-illuvial agrochernozem (Luvic Chernozems (Aric, Pachic)) in the
Southern Cis-Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). Under laboratory conditions, 1°, 3°, and 7° slopes were
modeled. Soil loss, runoff onset time, and turbidity were measured with a rainfall simulator. Particle size
distribution and total organic carbon were measured. Under simulated heavy rainfall (360‒420 mm h−1) for 30 min,
the untreated control had the highest soil loss (28.9 t ha−1). Separate and combined introductions of phosphogypsum
and turkey litter significantly increased soil resistance to water erosion. Co-introduction of the amendments
strengthened this effect especially when the phosphogypsum to turkey litter ratio increased from 1:10 to 1:2 at the
higher dose (60 t ha−1). The turbidity of the runoff from a 1° slope reached a small peak within the first 3 min then
gradually decreased thereafter. At 3°, the turbidity remained nearly constant over time and was uniformly
distributed. At 7°, the turbidity sharply increased then gradually decreased and its distribution was a deformed bell.
Washed-out (trapped) sediments from all treatments and slopes had relatively more very fine sand, silt, and clay and
a slightly higher total organic carbon content than the original soil. Phosphogypsum and turkey litter wastes may be
effective anti-erosion amendments and potential fertilizers because they increase flocculation, improve the structure,
and enrich the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil.
Ruslan Suleymanov, Irik Saifullin, Mikhail Komissarov, Ilyusya Gabbasova, Azamat Suleymanov, Timur Garipov. (2019) Effect of phosphogypsum and turkey litter on the erodibility of agrochernozems of the southern Cis-Ural (Russia) under artificial heavy rainfall, The Journal Soil & Environment , Volume 38, Issue 1.
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