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This study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate the major reasons of academic failure at primary level in
urban public schools in Pakistan. A group of experienced school teachers (N=12) teaching at primary level in public
schools of Rawalpindi city were selected as the key informants of the study. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews
were conducted with participant teachers during school hours. Grounded theory approach was used for data analysis.
The thematic analysis of the interviews of participant teachers revealed three main reasons for academic failure of
students at primary level in urban public schools in Pakistan, which were further divided into sub categories in
accordance with the teachers’ perceptions. The three main factors that came out as a result of analysis are family,
school and student. The participant teachers were of the view that these factors have not contributed to the academic
failure namely, but they all markedly influenced this phenomenon at different stages. In the end, some useful reform
measures for improvement of the quality of primary education in Pakistan were presented as proposed by the
participants.
Bushra Iqbal Chohan, Samina Amin Qadir. (2013) Academic Failure at Primary Level: A Qualitative Approach to Primary Education in Pakistan, Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, Volume 7, Issue 1.
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