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Using primary data from MICS 2007-08, this paper assesses the gender disparity at middle and high school levels in Punjab
province Pakistan. Various special measures have been implemented to alleviate gender disparity in social and cultural
contexts. Gender equality in education and empowerment of women was the goal that was set as Millennium Development
goal. However, the gap due to differential treatment of parents with boys and girls under normal routine and social aspiration
reflected the preference for males over females, specifically in rural areas. In urban areas, the importance of education proved
dominating factor for eliminating distinction between male and female enrolment. The considered characteristics proved
causes of gender disparity at rural level and the disparity level is so strong in rural areas that it vanish as the effect of
obligation of parents for female education in urban areas and on overall basis and thus, there existed gender disparity in
Punjab province of Pakistan.
Muhammad Afzal, Abdul Rauf Butt, Rafaqat Ali Akbar, Seemab Roshi. (2013) Gender Disparity in Pakistan: A Case of Middle and Secondary Education in Punjab, Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, Volume 7, Issue 2.
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