تلخیص
The paper addresses the cyclical evolution of mutually dependent demographic variables in the polity of the first phase of Muslim rule in Bharat. The two major variables being addressed here are the non-Muslim majority of subjects/citizens under the Sultanate of Delhi; and the interpretation of Muslim jurisprudence. Muslim religious thought rests on a basic distinction between the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims in a Muslim state. Since it is impossible to amend or alter the basic corpus of religious beliefs especially in Islam, the needs of local culture could only be accommodated partially through interpretation of Islamic Jurisprudence. For a proper understanding of this evolution and the dynamics of the interaction, some understanding of the state system during the 13th and 14th centuries is essential. The primary issue in the region of South Asia, especially in Bharat and the Deccan is that the state had no expectation or hope of gaining a Muslim majority polity. This paper will not discuss the causes or effects of this handicap as such. Instead it will take this as a condition which determined the actions of the state and the reactions of both sections of the polity. The study focusses primarily on how the baton of Hindu-Muslim dialogue was passed from the Ulema to the Mashaikh and how the depth of interaction between the state and subjects gradually increased. On the side the paper also addresses the changes in attitude of the rulers. In particular the major rulers like Iltutmish and Firoz Shah.
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر خرم قادر. (2016) سلطنتِ دہلی : غیر مسلم اکثریت میں مسلم فکر کا ارتقاء , , Volume 27, Issue 1.
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