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This Paper is about the Combined Opposition Parties, an electoral alliance which challenged Ayub Khan in the 1965 Presidential election. The alliance not only challenged but it gave a tough time through its effective mass mobilisation both in the urban and rural areas to one of the strongest military ruler in Pakistan. The alliance played a vital role in initiating critical debate and discussion in place of dead conformism, in rekindling and refurbishing the enfeebled and dying flame of democracy in Pakistan and thus setting the nation a new towards a democratic destiny. Furthermore this alliance made a female as its candidate for Presidentship which is a debatable issue among the orthodox Muslim scholars and religio-political parties of the country. The paper focuses on the political background, formation, strategies and politics of COP to get rid of the military ruler. The paper is mainly descriptive in approach yet partial analytical approach is also employed. Both primary and secondary sources of information are used in this article.

Akhtar Hussain. (2018) Politics of Combined Opposition Parties (Cop) During Ayub Khan Era (1958-1969), Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume 31, issue 1.
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