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For the most part, Pakistan’s history is fraught with internal and external turbulence, which has obstructed the country’s way to politico-economic stability. Notwithstanding its external challenges, Pakistan’s polity as well as society has witnessed various predicaments: political instability, disruption of democratic process, provincial disharmony, disintegration, lack of the rule of law, suppression of civil liberties and poor economic performance. In post-9/11 era, the country has seen more instability, resulting mainly from the spill-over effects of the war in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, a deeper appraisal shows that the 21st century Pakistan is demonstrating changes in positive direction at state as well as society level. This paper focuses on seven variables—democracy, judiciary, society, media, governance, internal security and economic performance—to assess whether Pakistan is showing change or continuity in these areas. The study shows that Pakistani democracy, judiciary, society and media tend to experience progressive changes while governance, internal security and economic performance are largely characterized by continuity, although showing signs of improvement. In this context, Pakistan is undergoing a transition where the old order defined by stagnation and “muddling through” is under pressure and giving way to a new order characterized by modernization and progress.

Muhammad Riaz Shad. (2018) Pakistan İn The Twenty-First Century: Change And Continuity, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume 31, issue 1.
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