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Dear Editor; With great interest, I read the article titled “Fibro Dysplasia Ossificans Progressiva” (FOP) written by Waqas et al. (1), which was published in Jan-Mar 2019;31(1):123-126 of the J Ayub ... Read More
Active listening skills are an important factor in communication skill set. And for budding doctors they need to be incorporated in the undergraduate medical programs. Studies have shown that patients ... Read More
Essential thrombocytopenia is the myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with the JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation. It is characterized by an increase in thrombocytes and abnormal megakaryocytes. WHO establishe ... Read More
Though clavicle fractures are routinely seen in clinical practice, rarely do we encounter segmental fractures. This unusual pattern of fracture in clavicle has been seldom reported previou ... Read More
Echinococcosis is a disease that has been affecting human beings since decades and is primarily a zoonotic disease. The larvae of genus Echinococcus causes this disease. The most common s ... Read More
Giant Cell Tumours (GCT) are usually found at the extremities of the long bones and their presence in the skull being less than 1%. In the skull, sphenoidal bone and temporal bone are the commonest si ... Read More
The DSM 5 defines Gender Dysphoria (GD) as a marked incongruence between one’s biological gender and experienced gender. Individuals with GD face increased discrimination in the form of decreased job ... Read More
The COVID-19 infection has spread rampantly, attaining pandemic status within three months of its first appearance. It has been classically associated with respiratory signs and symptoms. ... Read More
An unusual case of a 35-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia who suddenly desaturated while on continuous positive airway pressure leading to pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema there ... Read More
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare cutaneous malignancy. Usual sites of origin are trunk and extremities. Aetiology of the condition is not well understood but a genetic basis is explained as a ... Read More
The workup of corona virus disease (COVID-19) involves analyzing samples for acute or past presence of SARS-CoV-2 (virus). A detection of 2019 novel Corona virus (2019-nCov) by real-time reverse trans ... Read More
Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome characterized by numerous clinical features, a few being stupors which is the most common sign, posturing, forced grasping, echopraxia, etc. There have been cases ... Read More
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common malignant disorder in paediatric and adolescent age group. There is a need of large-scale studies to understand the disease pattern in Pakistan as no official registry ... Read More
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased recently in Pakistan. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) appears to be a better predictor for metabolic syndrome associated with insulin re ... Read More
Virtual fracture clinics (VFC) have been shown to be a safe and cost-effective way of managing outpatient referrals to the orthopaedic department. During the coronavirus pandemic there has been a push ... Read More
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis among children and adolescent characterized by skin, joints, renal and gastrointestinal involvement. There is different presenti ... Read More
Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency and if complicated, manifesting as abscess, perforation, suppurative or gangrenous appendicitis, carries significant morbidity and mortality ... Read More
Stroke results in serious long-term disability in fifty percent of the survivors, making them dependent on others for activities of daily living. Our study aims to study the effect of this ... Read More
This cross-sectional study is aimed at evaluating the association of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with COVID-19 prognosis in severe cases. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emi ... Read More
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Common causes of IDA in children are excessive consumption of cow’s milk and prolonged breast feeding with delayed and po ... Read More
To evaluate the prevalence of gustatory and olfactory impairment and its correlation with the severity of SARS-Cov-2 infection as per WHO guidelines. Methods: A total of 241 patients of both gender h ... Read More
The advantages of probiotic administration for acute diarrhoea are mainly shorter duration of symptoms as well as reduced number of stools per day while use of traditional yogurt has similar results. ... Read More
As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 related government lockdown, academic institutions in Pakistan, including medical and dental colleges and universities, had to forgo on-site classes and make an emergenc ... Read More
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than 40 mg/m2/hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less than 30 g/L) resulting in oedema and hyperlipidaem ... Read More
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of median nerve at wrist as it passes through Osseo fibrous canal known as carpal tunnel. Epidemiologi ... Read More
Aim of this study was to perform quantitative evaluation of high thrombus burden (Grade ≥4) as an independent predictor of slow/no reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary i ... Read More
BAP1 (BRCA1 associated protein 1 on chromosome 3) is a commonly mutated gene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of BAP1 by ... Read More
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of thoracic epidural anaesthesia with general anaesth ... Read More
Arthroscopy of the knee is preferably done under spinal anaesthesia. The optimal analgesia for effective postoperative pain control is important to permit early discharge, comfort and mobility of t ... Read More
Pregnancy poses some stress on normal homeostasis of the human body and brings changes in the body which predisposes the individual towards various pathological conditions as well. Objecti ... Read More
Advances in imaging techniques and longer survival of chronic medical conditions contribute to the increase in paediatric thrombosis. We aim to determine the incidence, underlying ... Read More
With the increasing number of COVID-19 patients and limited resources available to accommodate them, there is a need for risk stratification tools to ensure better utilization of resources. Methods: W ... Read More
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder of thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Its association with thyroid lymphoma is well established but with papillary thyro ... Read More
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is majorly a pathology pertaining to Asian population, reported most in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh,and Taiwan. Equilibrium existing between M ... Read More
Undernutrition including micronutrient deficiency results in adverse health-related outcomes in children of low-medium income countries. This study aims to explore the effect of four weeks of Lipid ... Read More
Adiponectin plays an important role in glucose metabolism and released in response to insulin. It helps to decrease glucose levels and insulin resistance; however, this relation is not been ... Read More
Pilonidal sinus disease (PNSD) is considered as the challenging disease for surgeons since decades. The term pilo-nidal is derived from Latin meaning “nest of hair”. It is a commonly occurri ... Read More
Background: A scar can be defined as a mark or a blemish resulting from a healed wound. All surgical incisions give rise to scars and approximately 15% have excessive scars. Some scars are thin lines ... Read More
Pycnodysostosis is a rare disease with very few reported cased all over the world. It was first described in 1963 by Maroteaux and Lamy. It is also known as Toulouse-Lautrec syndrome, ... Read More
The surgical method of removing the complete intact globe while leaving the extraocular muscles and orbital fat behind is called as enucleation. The intention behind this study is to shar ... Read More
The malignancy-related coagulation and secondary pulmonary embolism are common in sarcomas, whereas tumour embolism and pulmonary venous embolism are extremely rare. It is crucial to distingu ... Read More
Angioplasty balloon entrapment remains an infrequent but dangerous obstacle that requires forbearance and pre-built management strategies in order to avoid morbidity or worse, mortality. Her ... Read More
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired prothrombic state with recurringthromboembolic and obstetric complications in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Isolated skin manifest ... Read More
Amyloidosis is characterised by the deposition of fibrillar insoluble proteinaceous material called amyloid in the extracellular spaces. It may present as localized form which is rare and systemic f ... Read More
Lofgrensyndromeanacuteformofsarcoidosisconstituteserythemanodosum,bilateralhilaradenopathyandarthralgiaorarthritis.Herewepresentacaseofa28yearsoldyoungmalepatientwhoisashopkeeperandfarmerbyprofessiona ... Read More
We present a case of a 65-year-old Pakistani woman who underwent an uneventful standard left phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens placement for a mature senile catara ... Read More
The spinal column is a major site of neoplastic proliferation where decisions regarding surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention are based upon spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS). A nove ... Read More
To explorebarriers and facilitators to writegood quality itemsfor undergraduatedentalassessments.Methods:A qualitative casestudywas conducted from Feb–April2021. Semi-structured interviews we ... Read More
OSMF is chronic underlying disease. The disease is well recognized and had an importance due to high malignant transformation rate. Multiple etiological factors are found responsible in t ... Read More
Melasma is a very common skin problem that is much more prevalent in women. In our society, it results in many psycho-social implications and eventually leads to an impaired quality of life. Many tr ... Read More
Abdominal surgeries are the most common surgeries performed around the world. Closure of abdominal wound is important and a number wound closing techniques are in practice. This study was conducted to ... Read More
To compare the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and combination treatment bevacizumab and Focal Macular Photocoagulation (FMP) for diabetic macular oedem ... Read More
Triglycerides are a type of storage fat present in serum of both normal and obese individuals. Triglycerides are normally present in human tears. The presence of qualitative fats in the tears affect t ... Read More
Educational environment is a key indicator of student learning and reflects quality of education and curriculum. With the boom of medical colleges in the private sector, parents put great st ... Read More
The retinal changes that develop in the eyes during amblyopia are still unclear. It has beenproven that thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the retina is positivelycorrelated with refractive error. ... Read More
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common ocular disease which not only affects vision but can also compromise the quality of life of patients to a greater extent. If it is not properly managed i ... Read More
Bibliometric analysis of a particular specialty published in single journal allows the identification of publication trends, areas of focus and potential domains for future resear ... Read More
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a highly prevalent medical condition in all parts of the world affecting the haemostasis of the body in number of ways. Epidemiological data suggest that no regio ... Read More
To compare the Paediatric RIFLE (p-RIFLE) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI) for frequency of (AKI) and in-hospital mortality in crit ... Read More
This study explored a new clinical sign in meningitis:neck stiffness in lateral position,also known as Jamil’s sign. Methods: A patient was placed in the left lateral position. The e ... Read More
Medical and dental students are the future of health workforce and a potential volunteer pool in the COVID-19 crises. This study aimed to assess the level and gender differences in th ... Read More
Acinetobacter baumannii causes a number of life-threatening infections in Hospitalized patients attributed to its ability to develop resistance against multiple antibiotics. The current scruti ... Read More
Pakistan faces a considerable burden of disease with regard to inherited blood disorder, i.e., Thalassemia Major. Its economic implications are least studied before, particularly when it comes to asce ... Read More
Paediatric traumatic cataract is one of leading treatable cause of childhood blindness. The purpose of this study is to analyse number of avoidable blindness in children and to access final ... Read More
Osteoarthritis is aheterogeneous disease of joints that affects mainly older population. Definitivecure of osteoarthritis is still undiscovered. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the cho ... Read More
Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a primary benign, locally aggressive bone tumour. Treatment is surgical however, denosumab has been increasingly used as a treatment in recurrent or unresectable locally ad ... Read More
Ureteroscopy (URS)is a safe and highly effective treatment option for treatment of ureteral calculi. With the advancement of technology, there is also expansion of its indications including use in e ... Read More
Eclampsia andpreeclampsia are among the serious complications ofgestation and threaten the lives of both mother and foetus. A protein called visfatin, one of these adipokines,is evaluated for i ... Read More
Gastrointestinal duplication is a rare developmental anomaly that can be present anywhere along the GI tract, most often being found in ileum. The purpose of this study is to sh ... Read More
Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease. Definitetreatment of osteoarthritis is still undiscovered. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the chondropro ... Read More
Vagal Maneuver is an underutilized strategy for Cardioversion of Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. The present study is an attempt to explore the effectiveness of this strategy.Methods: Th ... Read More
Papacarie pre-treatment of dentin surface has been reported to exhibit good bond strength values between dentin and composites. Its desirable properties like high pH, sites specify and ant ... Read More
Delayed presenting Fracture neck of femur is one of the complex and challenging fracture to treat. Multiple treatment options are available with varying results. This study was conducted to assess the ... Read More
Objective of this study was to compare Reverse Tenzel flap and Cutler Beard flap for upper eyelid defects.Methods: This interventional study was carried out at occuloplasty department of L ... Read More
Intravitreal silicone oil injection has been used to manage complicated retinal detachment. This study aims to analyse the efficacy of diode laser (TSCPC) in the management of secondary glauc ... Read More
Though various computerized tomography (CT) severity scores have been described for risk prognostication for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), most are challenging to calculate and ... Read More
Takayasu arteritis (TKA) is a rare large vessel vasculitis occurring in young adults of less than 50 year of age.Weanalyse the clinical, radiological features, and treatment regimensin Pakistani patie ... Read More
Breast cancer is a complex disease that comprises of various biological sub-types with different natural history. Matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) expression has been reported to inversely correlat ... Read More
VAAFT (Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment) is a novel minimally invasive technique for treatment of Fistula in Ano, which claims superior results compared to current treatment modalities due to the ... Read More
Forequarter amputation (FQA) is thesurgical treatment of choice for tumours in the upper extremity and shoulder girdle that infiltrate the neurovascular bundle, shoulder joint and muscles of t ... Read More
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world's demographics. As of December 2021, the virus has claimed over 5.3 million lives and has caused high morbidity across the globe. As the recently develop ... Read More