Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of different demographics on variables of social intolerance, emotional regulation, psychological
distress (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress) among cardiac patients.
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration: Benazir Bhutoo Hospital (BBH), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Heart International Hospital (HIH),
Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC) from 13th August, 2014 to 30th July, 2015.
Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used in selection of 150 cardiac patients in age ranged between 20-60 years. For
assessment of study variables among the cardiac patients the frustration discomfort scale, emotional regulation questionnaire, and
depression anxiety stress scale were used.
Results: T-test analysis revealed that discomfort intolerance (M= 25.87, SD= 5.63) and achievement frustration (M= 23.71, SD= 4.55)
was higher in male’s patients. Emotional reappraisal (M= 21.25, SD= 7.91) and anxiety (M= 14.07, SD= 5.35) were higher in female's
patients and expressive suppression (M= 18.92, SD= 6.44) and depression (M= 17.83, SD= 6.02) was higher in males. Emotional
intolerance (M= 24.69, SD= 5.80), discomfort intolerance (M= 25.76, SD= 5.23) and anxiety (M= 10.89, SD= 4.63) were prominent in
patients from a nuclear family structure. Depression (M= 15.66, SD= 5.33) is more prominent in cardiac patients from the joint
family. The age difference has shown diverse age effects on social intolerance, emotional regulation, and distress among patients.
Conclusion: Effects of demographics such as gender, family structure, and age have the significant impact on enhancing and
worsening the emotional and social states of cardiac patients.
Rabia Zonash, Kehkashan Arouj. (2019) Effect of demographics on social intolerance, emotional regulation, psychological distress among cardiac patients., Isra Medical Journal, Volume 11, Issue 4 (Part-B).
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