Abstract
Mullah Salam Baba (1883 -1974) is one of the prominent anti-imperialist Pashto poets of the
20th century South-Pakhtunkhwa. Born during heydays of British Imperialism, he questioned
socio-cultural and political control of the British Empire. This paper tends to study his poetry
and struggle in the conceptual framework of the Marxist intellectual Antonio Gramsci’s Organic
intellectual. The paper unveils that Mullah Salam Baba, as an ordinary religious scholar, living
in an isolated and distant mountain “Kozak” that is westernmost Pak-Afghan Border area of
Killa Abdllah. He has used poetry to communicate with people which ignited the spirit of
seeking freedom. He problematized the tribal codes that enchain Pashtuns and presented a
vision of modern nation state stemmed by Amir Ammanullah Khan (1892-1960) in 1919. His
struggle earned him to be called “Baba” by ordinary Pashtuns.
Dr. Barkat Shah Kakar. (2021) Poetics As Resistance In The Face Of British Empire; Mullah Salam Baba As Gramsci’s Organc Intellectual , Pukhtunkhwa Journal, Volume-06, Issue-1.
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