Abstract
Biradarism is also fundamental characteristic of socio-politics of district Jhang
[Pakistani-Punjab]; its dominant biradaris have immense potential to decisively
influence national, provincial and district levels politics [on behalf of their ecosocial supremacy]. The formation of electoral alliances is based on the
collaborative interest-based national and local [biradari] power politics. Number
of alliances were locally constituted by national aristocracy [especially by
dictators]. Locally-constituted-alliances under different dictators had further
strengthened the exploitative grip of these biradaris. The most decisive alliances
[and their respective oppositions] were formulated during different elections of
Musharraf’s regime; in which Syeds collaborated with Lalis and Qazis; Sials with
Syeds and Moulvis [Religious groups]; and Sahibzaadaaz with Cheela-Sials.
Biradaris [clans/castes] have been remained the integral part of mainstream
politics in Sub-continent, particularly in western Punjab [Pakistani] and most
importantly in its sub-units like Jhang district. After the creation of Pakistan, their
dominant eco-social roles have become more vibrant in all respects, especially in
politics. Every biradari has different levels of importance due to its numbers,
economic resources, political affiliations, land holdings and social networking.
1
These are the basic factors, which lead the biradaris to hold power at local level
[Biradarism] as well as at provincial and national levels. Biradaris are
embodiment of power in Pakistani politics. 2 Their role remains dominant in
towns, villages and [even] in cities. The dominant biradaris of Jhang are holding
all kinds of power since pre-partition periods; which [powerfulness] has still been
carried on.
Syed Munawar Abbas, Razia Sultana. (2019) Biradari Politics of Alliances and Opposition in Jhang District during the Military Regimes: A case Study of General Pervez Musharraf’s Rule, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 56, Issue 2.
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