• KAFEEL AHMAD

• NIMRA ARSHAD

• ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN

• KINZA WAJID

• IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA

• MAHPARA SHEHZADI

• HAFSA MEMONA

• MADIHA SANA

• KHALID NAWAZ

• MUDASRA MUNIR

• IFRA SALEEM MALIK

• TASAWAR ABBAS

• ABRAR HUSSAIN

• MUHAMMAD SHER

• MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH

• MUHAMMAD AKRAM QAZI

• MUHAMMAD NADEEM

• MUHAMMAD RIZWAN QURESHI

Abstract

Heavy metal accumulation in forage poses a threat of toxic effects on the cattle. This study includes collection of forage, soil and buffalo blood samples to analyze heavy metals in them. Forages, soil and buffalo blood were collected from six sites of sampling. Out of which 5 sites were on the roadside and one site was away from the road. Grinding of the collected samples of soil and forage was followed by their acid digestion. Buffalo blood samples were centrifuged and the blood serum was separated which was then digested using acids. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was then used to analyze the heavy metals in the digested samples. The results were analyzed statistically. Two-way ANOVA was used to find out variance and correlation in all samples. The nickel concentration found in the samples of soil, forage and blood was highest in the samples collected from site II (Chak 50 SB). The bio concentration factor found for nickel was highest in the samples of site II. On the other hand, the bio concentration factor for blood and forage was highest in the samples collected form site IV (Shaheenabad Road). The correlation result showed that Ni was positively significant when the soil and forage was correlated unlike the result of correlation for blood and forage which was negatively significant. The daily intake of metals and health risk index was found highest in the samples collected from site IV. The pollution load index was found highest in the samples collected from site V (Bhalwal Road).

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