Endotracheal intubation is often performed on is powder, therefore, to be mixed with distilled water urgency except general anesthesia of elective before use. This is time-consuming in emergency sur ... Read More

Objective: We evaluated the use of Exenatide in terms of weight reduction and improvement of glycemic control, in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity from Pakistan. Methodology: The study was do ... Read More

My manuscript fetus in fetu is a case report which is very rare congenital anomaly reported worldwide. We report a 4 months old girl with gradually increasing abdominal mass since birth. When operated ... Read More

Intestinal atresia is one of the most frequent causes of bowel obstruction in infants and can occur at any point within the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of type IIIa ileal atresia in which ... Read More

A 48-year-old male patient underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy and neobladder formation under general anesthesia. He received a continuous infusion of rocuronium bromide to induce profound neu ... Read More

Orbital cellulitis and abscess are emergencies which might compromise sight and in the extreme, even life. This usually occurs secondary to sinusitis, orthodontic infections, trauma to surrounding reg ... Read More

We present a case of a young lady who had subarachnoid hemorrhage and was initially misdiagnosed as acute sinusitis. High index of suspicion and ability to analyze her risk factors and associated elec ... Read More

We report a 36-year-old male patient with an unknown immune disease who underwent emergency thromboembolectomy of both popliteal arteries. General anesthesia was unremarkable and extubation was perfor ... Read More

Subcutaneous emphysema is an extremely rare presenting feature of foreign body aspiration. We report a case of foreign body aspiration in the left main bronchus of an 8-year-old boy, which remained un ... Read More

We present a case of Ectopic cervical thymus in a 3-month-old boy who presented with a painless right angle of mandible mass and was described as same density with the mediastinal thymus on computed t ... Read More

44 year old female with multiple coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors presented with chest pain and ECG showing anterior ST elevations. Urgent cardiac catheterization revealed thrombotic occlusi ... Read More

Objective: To evaluate potential role of metformin in protecting kidneys from nephrotoxicant insult. Methods: Twenty four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=6). G-1 received 1 ml isoto ... Read More

Objective: To explore the risk of development of stress in university students. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study carried out at Riphah International University Rawalpindi between September ... Read More

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of internet addiction and loneliness and the relationship between internet addiction and loneliness among students of Wah Medical College. Methodology: A Correl ... Read More

Objectives: To explore the traditional rearing caring beliefs and practices and to ascertain the factors that affect infant’s health. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the distric ... Read More

Objective: To find which anesthesia type is better in managing stress and sleep quality of laboring mothers in Korea. Methodology: We surveyed pregnant women who were healthy, their first labor, unde ... Read More

Metacognition refers to knowledge people have about their own thought processes. It is awareness of one’s own strength and weaknesses. Interest in strategies and metacognition has given rise to the co ... Read More

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of flat foot among school going children of university town, Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional survey included 311 children aged 5–13, both ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children with congenital talipes equino-varus (CTEV). Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was carr ... Read More

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of AO external fixator in open tibial fractures. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out at at Department of Orthopedic and Spine Surgery, Hayatabad Med ... Read More

Objective: To assess the outcome of pilonidal sinus primary repair compared to healing by second intention as shown by wound healing time, return to work time and recurrence. Methodology: 50 patients ... Read More

Objectives: To analyze the different anatomical sites of oral cavity affected by the cancer in patients presenting to a tertiary care public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This re ... Read More

a. Objective: To determine frequency of Wagner’s grades in diabetic patients undergoing lower extremity amputations. b. Methodology: It was a descriptive study conducted at the department of Surgery, ... Read More

Objective: To explore the risk factors associated with committing crime in the inmates. Methodology: Questionnaires were administered from 300 inmates (150 murderers & 150 thieves) of Nara Jail, Hyde ... Read More

Objective: To assess the prevalence of refractive errors and visual impairment in school children. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study with convenience sampling was conducted at a scho ... Read More

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with refractive error (RE) in school going children (8-16 years of age) of Wah Cantt. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at Fe ... Read More

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in carpet weaving population of Kashmir valley. Methods: In this cross sectional study, the sample was taken from various carpet weaving ce ... Read More

Objective: To test clinical utility of red blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), along with these previously used indices in differential diagnosis in Beta thalassemia trait (BTT) and i ... Read More

Objective: To determine the knowledge-practice gap in Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) for β Thalassemia in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional study among 750 parents of β Thalassemia children attend ... Read More

The study aimed at investigation of the impact of migraine headache on psychosocial life of Type-D personality in medical students. Migraine is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by attacks that v ... Read More

Objective: To evaluate the influence of cigarettes smoking on serum TSH concentrations. Methodology: This cross sectional study included 275 patients with no history of thyroid disorder. There were ... Read More

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the health related quality of life (HRQoL) among hypertensive persons versus normotensive persons and the effect of gender on health related quali ... Read More

Objective: To explore the demographic data, risk factors and patterns of stroke patients in a Malaysia district hospital. Methodology: This observational study was conducted in a district hospital of ... Read More

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of high risk Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS) in investigating the need for endoscopic intervention in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Methodolog ... Read More

Over the course of 34 years the number of patients with diabetes has mushroomed from 108 million in 1980 to 422 in 2014.1 HbA1C of less than 7% has been recommended by the American Diabetes Associatio ... Read More

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) refers to a service in which anesthesiologists provide a monitoring of patients’ vital sign during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, while administering anxiolytics ... Read More

Oncogenic hypophostphatemic osteomalacia is rare form of osteomalacia with few cases reported in the literature. It is characterized by later onset in adulthood, renal phosphate loss with hypophosphat ... Read More

Thoracic meningocele and myelomeningocele are rare neural tube defects unlike lumbosacral neural tube defects; sometimes there no neurologic deficits and thus the subtle features of cervical cord teth ... Read More

Tracheocele or tracheal diverticulum is rare, and seldom reported and majority are asymptomatic. We report a case of a tracheocele detected after persistent difficult ventilation post tracheostomy, wi ... Read More

Neonatal liver abscess is a very rare condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. There seems to be an increasing trend of this rare condition amongst the newborns admitted to neonat ... Read More

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of household food insecurity on child health. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in Faisalabad. Multist ... Read More

Objective: To determine the research barriers & facilitators among physical therapist in Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted from June 2014 to June 2015. A self designed que ... Read More

Objective: The study is aimed to evaluate the minerals and proximate composition along with phytochemicals and physicochemical parameters of Rhazya stricta which is a useful component of drugs used in ... Read More

Objective: To determine the medicinal properties of three selected plants found in our area. Methodology: Three medicinal plants were collected belonging to different families. Physico-chemical param ... Read More

Objectives: To estimate bioequivalence of two atorvastatin formulations, Lipitor & Orvastin in healthy Pakistani volunteers. Methodology: It was single dose, randomized, crossover study, which was ca ... Read More

Objective: To determine the views of patients regarding services provided by Basic Health Units (BHU) of Larkana, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2011 ... Read More

Objective: We sought to evaluate whether there is a gender difference for IRIS IQ200 test results as rapid diagnostic test in rouling out culture positivity in infants in a routine hospital laboratory ... Read More

Objectives: To study the role of serum leptin as an early pregnancy marker for pre-eclampsia. Methodology: A total of 1300 patients were selected for the study. 79 (6%) were lost to follow-up. Out of ... Read More

Objective: To investigate the frequency of Rh–ive patients and effectiveness of Rh immunization, comparing antibody titer before and after immunization. Methodology: This comparative cross sectional ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency and type of placental infarcts in primigravidas having Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and to determine the fetal outcome in hypertensive primigravidas with ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of intrauterine death in prolonged pregnancy. Methodology: this descriptive study was carried out at The Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Military Hospital ... Read More

Objective: To determine the prevalence of intraorbital and intracranial extension of fungus-related sinonasal polyposis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-secti ... Read More

Objective: To study the histopathological pattern of prostatic lesions in patients suffering from prostatism. Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Pathology Department B ... Read More

Objective: To determine frequency of cancer of prostate in patients undergoing Trans urethral resection of prostate (TURP) for clinically benign prostate in our setup. Methodology: This is a retrospe ... Read More

Objective: To detect the frequency of anatomical variations of gallbladder, biliary tree and biliary vasculature during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methodology: In our study, 994 patients ... Read More

Objective: To assess the effects of lidocaine infusion on postoperative pain. Methodology: Our study was done on 40 patients between the ages of 25-45 years who were previously healthy and underwent ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve palsy in open reduction internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Methodology: In this descriptive cross sectional s ... Read More

Objective: To compare the outcome of posterior short segment fixation with bony fusion and without bony fusion in thoracolumbar fractures in the first year of follow up. Methodology: A comparative st ... Read More

Objective: To assess the in vitro sensitivity of multi drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) against four tetracyclines. Methodology: Routine clinical specimens were received from vari ... Read More

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin attending a tertiary care facility. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was cond ... Read More

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of vitamin K prophylaxis in prevention of antibiotic induced coagulopathy in children on long-term (10 days) antibiotic therapy. Methodology: It was a randomized ... Read More

Objective: To ascertain the frequency and demographic characteristics of neuropsychiatric patients presenting at our tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of complications of carotid artery stenting and its success as a minimally invasive procedure. Methodology: This descriptive retrospective case series was conduc ... Read More

Objectives: To observe hematological side effects of pegylated interferon alpha 2a and ribavirin therapy at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Hospital, Rawalakot, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive study ... Read More

Objective: To determine the etiology of cirrhosis in adults in from three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at Civil Hospital, Jinnah Pos ... Read More

Household food insecurity is the inability to provide enough food for a healthy and active life household style for all members and is a major public health problem in all the developing countries inc ... Read More

First branchial cleft anomalies are rare, occurring in less than 8% of all branchial abnormalities. Usually, these anomalies diagnosed in early adulthood period with variable presentations like cervic ... Read More

Orbital trauma is an important cause of ocular mortality among children. Early intervention is vision- saving and removal of all foreign material is advocated. However, retained foreign body is a poss ... Read More

Duplex Appendix vermiform is rare entity and constitutes a total of 0.004 % to 0.009% documented incidence. Duplex appendix is mostly found incidentally during laprotomy for some other causes and some ... Read More

We report a case of prolonged hypotension following spinal anesthesia combined dexmedetomidine sedation after recovery from motor and sensory blockade, with a patient who had a history of hypertension ... Read More

We report a case of 33 year old diabetic female with morbid obesity (BMI 45.2 kg/m2). She was started on Victoza on a dose of 0.6 mg for first week, 1.2 mg for the second week and 1.8 mg from third we ... Read More

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by nematodes that inhabit the lymphatic system and subcutaneous tissues. 90% of the infections are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti while most of the remainder by Brugia m ... Read More

Rhinofacial zygomycosis is a rare soft tissue fungal infection of the nasal and paranasal submucosa, and subcutaneous tissue of the face. It commonly affects immunocompetent adult male and may lead to ... Read More

We report a case of a 10 year old boy who presented with delayed onset of retropharyngeal hematoma post trauma with acute airway obstruction. He had motor vehicle accident 2 weeks prior and sustained ... Read More

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a high flow vascular malformation, in which arteriovenous shunting occurs in a central nidus. AVM in the internal acoustic meatus is rare. We report a case of 53 ye ... Read More

The perioperative management of psychotropic drugs is associated with unexpected results of drug–drug interactions, as well as increased risk of exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms and withdrawal sym ... Read More

Objective: To look at the association between the body mass index (BMI) and waist over hip ratio to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methodology: This prospective cross sectional study include ... Read More

Objectives: To determine level of stress among faculty of Wah Medical College, compare levels of stress among clinical and basic sciences faculty and to assess gender difference in the level of stress ... Read More

Objective: To assess current awareness among doctors regarding role of speech language pathologist (SLP) in management of dysphagia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methodolo ... Read More

Objective: To determine the medication administration through enteral feeding catheter (EFC) for adult patients in a tertiary hospital. Methods: A total of 144 nurses practicing administration of med ... Read More

Objective: To assess of knowledge and practice about hand washing among the women of Hassanabdal, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted using self constructed mixed questionnair ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection in non-catheterized patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Department of Urology, ... Read More

Objectives: To asses the safety, complication and results of open pyeloplasty with DJ stenting versus feeding tube as a nephrostomy cum stent. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of 40 cases of ... Read More

Objective: To determine the outcome of pediatric patients with Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis which were treated inappropriately before presenting to us. Methodology: We anal ... Read More

Objective: To assess the outcome of bifocal bone transport (trifocal distraction compression) for defective bone loss in tibia. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at department of orth ... Read More

Objective: To evaluate the direct comparison of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) with tru-cut breast biopsy in palpable suspicious breast lesions. Methodology: This study was conducted in surgi ... Read More

Objectives: To determine the types and frequencies of different histomorphological patterns in in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) according to different age groups. Methodology: ... Read More

Objective: To describe the different histological patterns of Wilm’s tumor in local children of Pakistan. Methodology: Biopsies from fresh nephrectomy specimens and paraffin embedded blocks from diff ... Read More

Objective: To establish the reasons for non-compliance in patients suffering from chronic dermatosis. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital and du ... Read More

Objective: To translate and evaluate the STOP-BANG Questionnaire in urdu speaking population. Methodology: This validation study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karac ... Read More

Objective: To assess the anxiety level of caregivers of children with congenital talipes equinovarus and to determine the gender difference in the care givers for developing anxiety level. Methodolog ... Read More

Objective: To assess the frequency of achieving therapeutic International Normalization Ratio (INR) in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Methodology: This cross-sectional observationa ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypertension among the patients attending a tertiary health care facility and to investigate the factors affecting uncontrolled hypertension among known hypert ... Read More

Objective: This study aimed to determine the extent to which two different doctors agree on signs of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: In this observational st ... Read More

Objective: To assess the patients of microalbuminuria in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with diabetic mellitus (DM), mainly mortality. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was condu ... Read More

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of rituximab (RTX) and the predictors of its response at 24 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methodology: The study included 61 Pak ... Read More

Objectives: To ascertain the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the people about dengue fever among rural and urban areas of Peshawar, Pakistan Methodology: A cross sectional study among rural and ... Read More

Objective: To identify the different actions taken by people of Pakistan to protect themselves and their family from dengue fever and to determine the different ways to raise awareness about the preve ... Read More

Objective: To study the characteristics of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) patients managed during Rawalpindi dengue epidemic 2014. Methodology: This observational study was conducted at Dengue Ward of H ... Read More

Dengue fever (DF) is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease with high morbidity and mortality. There are estimated 390 million dengue infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinica ... Read More

We present a case of 46 years lady who presents with slowly enlarging right parotid mass, which was surgically removed. The mass was confirmed to be acinic cell carcinoma by pathology. No adjuvant rad ... Read More

We report a 24-year-old female, who had already been diagnosed with non-communicating hydrocephalus, presenting with repeated paroxysmal-altered behaviors that resembled epileptic seizures. An examina ... Read More

A 40-year-old female patient underwent augmentation mammoplasty under general anesthesia. An abrupt elevation of airway pressure and significant hypotension were developed during the operation. We ide ... Read More

Atrial myxoma has been reported as source of coronary emboli, a rare complication, causing acute myocardial infarction (MI). We report case of a 36-year-old male, who presented with acute chest pain, ... Read More

Objective: To explore of predictive relationship of trait emotional intelligence and empathy and explore gender differences in trait emotional intelligence and empathy in medical students. Methodolog ... Read More

Objective: To determine the effect and severity of stress on medical students. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study on Pakistani medical students from May 2012 to January 2015. Questio ... Read More

Objective: To compare the motivational level of clinical and non clinical physical therapy students. Methodology: A sample of 400 students (70% female & 30% male) was recruited through purposive samp ... Read More

Objective: To assess the standard of care provided to the diabetic patients by physicians as per American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines at tertiary centers of Karachi, Pakistan. Method: Th ... Read More

Objective: To assess the Out of pocket spending (OOPS) by the sick patients admitted in publically funded tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: This descriptive study using conse ... Read More

Objective: In-vitro analysis of antiallergic activity of AaK, (Calotropis gigantea) and Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) for the reduction of wheat allergenic proteins. Methodology: 14 selected wheat varieties ... Read More

Objective: To determine frequency of different types of ulnar variance in local normal adult population. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Orthopedics ... Read More

Objective: To review the outcomes of endoscopic removal of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) with or without coblation. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 10 patients who underwen ... Read More

Objective: To assess cardiovascular changes in the use of epinephrine in septoplasty as well as to achieve the optimal dilution of the epinephrine to minimize these changes. Methodology: In a randomi ... Read More

Objectives: To determine the clinico-pathological features, histopathological grading, staging and their associations in patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: A t ... Read More

Objective: To predict the survival of breast cancer women with respect to stage of the disease in Punjab, Pakistan and evaluate the impact of the factors on the survival of breast cancer women. Method ... Read More

Objectives: To determine proportion of the women who book late for antenatal care and to assess the predictors of late booking. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 277 women re ... Read More

Objective: To evaluate efficacy of a new vacuum extraction device, the ‘Kiwi Omni Cup’ for vacuum delivery and to assess the maternal and fetal effects of the device in clinical practice. Methodology ... Read More

Objective: To determine prevalence of Post Natal depression in our part of the world; correlate risk with obstetric and demographic variables . Methodology: This observational cross sectional study ... Read More

Objective: To review the challenges in postoperative neonatal outcome in a setup with no ICU. Methodology: This prospective study of neonates was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Scienc ... Read More

Objective: To compare axillary with rectal temperature in infants and children up to 6 years of age and with oral temperature in children from 6 to 12 years of age. Methodology: It was a cross sectio ... Read More

Objectives: Retrospective analysis to review pattern of firearm injuries (accidental/intentional), the area of body and organs affected and the outcome in these patients. Methodology: A case series d ... Read More

Objective: To analyze the functional and oncological outcomes of custom made endoprosthesis following distal femur tumor resection over a period of 6 years. Methodology: We reviewed 35 bone tumor cas ... Read More

Objective: To determine if meatal stenosis in male children is related to neonatal circumcision and is a preventable condition. Methodology: Retrospectively, we studied the medical records of 116 chi ... Read More

Objective: To report our success rate, complications and cosmetic results with distal penile hypospadias treated by tabularized incised plate urethroplasty. Methodology: This retrospective study was ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequencies of different benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions on Triphasic CT studies in patients referred with suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: T ... Read More

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, intravenous urography (IVU) and plain CT KUB in the diagnosis of ureteric stone. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study of radiolog ... Read More

Objective: To study the etiology, management and outcome of acute pancreatitis at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at Surgical Unit-I of Holy Family Hospita ... Read More

Objective: We performed this study of mini lap cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia to assess its safety and benefits in centers where laparoscopic facilities are not available. Methodology: The s ... Read More

Objectives: To compare the frequency of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing Emergency vs. elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methodology: This comparative cross sectio ... Read More

Objective: To determine correlation of conventional risk factors and coronary angiography findings in our local setup. Methodology: It was hospital based retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional s ... Read More

Objectives: To compare risk factors for coronary artery disease between diabetic and non diabetic patients. Methodology: This was a comparative cross sectional study performed in cardiovascular depar ... Read More

Objective: To determine the frequency and etiology of pleural effusion among ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at SIUT Karachi from Apri ... Read More

Objective: To determine results of autologous blood injection in plantar fascitis. Methodology: Our descriptive study conducted in Out Patient Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Pe ... Read More

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without manual therapy in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is commonly known as plan ... Read More

Plantar fasciitis is very common and sometime disabling condition1 orthopaedic surgeon deals with in clinical practice in Pakistan. I see commonly plantar fasciitis in people with high basal metabolic ... Read More


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