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Tutor has an essential role in conducting tutorial sessions and encouraging effective learning in students. The tutor develops learning objectives, monitors and clarifies the queries of students. Wher ... Read More
Background: Ever since quality of services is gaining importance in every industry as it is the indicator of consumer/customer satisfaction, it is of utmost importance to measure service quality of ... Read More
Background: Musculoskeletal discomfort not related by a syndrome is very communal in juvenile and puberty getting lifetime prevalence as great as 40%. It affects student’s quality of life and their ... Read More
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are commonly developed in gastrointestinal tract but in duodenum is less than 3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasm. The early diagnostic criteria are very difficult in t ... Read More
Retinol and Tocopherol are commonly known as fat soluble Vitamin A and D. This research was undertaken with the objective to study Vitamin A and D’s effect in combating smog caused illness among femal ... Read More
Background: Sex education is based on addressing the issues relating to human sexuality or other sexual activity includes reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsib ... Read More
Background: Dental anxiety is an affecting condition that aid normal persons to protect themselves in opposition to multiplicity of threats and pressure. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of ... Read More
The comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach of occupational health has the aim of protecting and promoting worker’s health. Workers live productive lives when they have assurance of their physica ... Read More
During the recent past focus has shifted from identifying intervertebral disc degeneration as being caused by physical exposure and strain to being linked with a variety of genetic variations. The obj ... Read More
This critical research periodical is mainly based on critical review of research article titled ‘Modulated Expression of Specific tRNAs Drives Gene Expression and Cancer Progression published in Cell ... Read More
Background: People with type 2 diabetes compared to those without seem to have more chances of developing depressive symptoms. Diabetes leads to depression or vice versa, remains an unsolved puzzle ... Read More
Background: To understand severity and complications of diabetes mellitus and to analyze effects of drugs, it is necessary to create diabetic animal model. There are different doses of streptozotoc ... Read More
Background: Herbal medications, due to their various biologically active components and less toxic profile, have been popular amongst researchers since decades. One good example is Linum usitatissi ... Read More
Background: The prevalence of genital tract malignancies is rising worldwide making it one of the most common malignancies in females after breast cancer. Despite cervical cancer being the most com ... Read More
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the research priorities of health organizations due to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by carbapene ... Read More
Background: There were a number of restorative materials, which were fulfilling the requirements of a dental restorative material partially or somewhat completely with some limitations. 3M ESPE rec ... Read More
Background: Osteopenia or low bone density, generally considered the disease of the old, is now sneaking around the younger generation. The increase in frequency of low trauma fractures is raising ... Read More
Background: Multi-morbid chronic diseases are increasingly placing a greater burden on individuals, communities and health care services. With advancing medical facilities, a growing proportion of ... Read More
Background: Oral cancer is a major problem globally. The strong causal association with tobacco, prevalent in Pakistan makes it imperative to know the role of molecular events in oral oncogenesis. ... Read More
With the advent of social media, a number of platforms are available for medical graduates to connect with each other in order to engage in formal and informal discussions related to the profession. T ... Read More
Every child in his early five years’ age usually suffers at least once with rotavirus diarrhea worldwide. Diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhea is carried out by various methods available worldwide: includ ... Read More
Extradural hematomas are collection of blood between the dura and skull bone. These hematomas are common complication of head injury. Spontaneous resolution of extradural hematoma due to migration i ... Read More
Urinothorax is a rare complication of thoracic cavity often-arising secondary to genitourinary pathology of which the most common is urinary tract obstruction. If urine is accumulated in the pleural ... Read More
Background: Parental stress is the major factor that increases a risk of unwillingly placing children with disabilities. The aim of our study is to assess the frequency of depression amongst parents ... Read More
Background: The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered as a big health problem. Therefore, in the absence of knowledge seeking behavior, issues cannot be handled adequate ... Read More
Pediatric supracondylar fracture of distal humerus frequently occurs within 10 years of age with peak at 6-7 years. There is higher incidence of complications such as neurovascular compromise and lat ... Read More
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is a synovial joint, involves two bones particularly mandible and temporal bone. Since TMJ involve muscles of mastication and jaw movement therefore, its disorders dama ... Read More
This critical research periodical is mainly based on critical review of research article titled “A Systems Biology Approach Identifies FUT8 as a Driver of Melanoma Metastasis” published in Cancer Cel ... Read More
Background: Variations in lipid profile are associated with body fat and BMI. In pregnancy, there is an increased demand of nutrients, especially for fats, for fetal development and its growth, which ... Read More
Background: The evidence-based screening and management of gestational diabetes mellitus has continued to increase over the past several years. Therefore, our study is aimed to observe fetal and mat ... Read More
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased viral respiratory infections and early-onset sepsis in neonates. Newborns are more susceptible to infections as both innate and ada ... Read More
Background: Anxiety and depression are considered as an important mental health indicators in the community. Medical undergraduates face several emotional, mental and physical stresses during the ac ... Read More
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and dangerous consequence of rhabdomyolysis which occurs in 50% of the cases with 5-10% mortality. In recent studies, eugenol has been reported as an ... Read More
Background: Contamination is the most common problem of the dental composites when the incremental technique is used to restore a tooth, which results in low bond strengths between the tooth and the ... Read More
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is classified into different sub types. It is now mandatory for the histopathologists to classify the NSCLC into its exact classification because of the increas ... Read More
Background: Myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. One major risk factor for atherosclerosis and MI is smoking, a highly prevalent habit in South Asian adole ... Read More
Background: The unfolding of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) constitutes a grave threat to the currentendeavorsfor controlling the tuberculosis outbreak. During TB treatme ... Read More
Medical journalism, a world of aggressively competitive periodicals, may not always be based of valid, reliable or accurate information. A large productivity and wide array of medical research litera ... Read More
We interpret a case, manifesting Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging features in relation with Metronidazole (Flagyl) toxicity. MRI brain exhibited an abnormal signal intensity comprising symmetrically bi ... Read More
Mucoceles are small non-neoplastic cysts that are present in major and minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. They are formed due to the buildup of mucus. Mostly, these Mucoceles are present in yo ... Read More
Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes of health care providers towards physical activity and healthy eating by measuring leisure-time physical activity and food intake pat ... Read More
Background: Job related stress has been identified as global health issue which deters the health of nurses. The objective of the study is to determine the severity of job related stress and find o ... Read More
Background: Epilepsy is a common but usually stigmatized disease due to its presentation therefore; the awareness of care givers regarding epilepsy is crucial for better management and upbringing o ... Read More
Pharmaceutical companies have introduced several drug delivery systems in the field of Pharmaceutical sciences that provide better and faster therapeutic response in patients to modulate pain and infl ... Read More
Bone formation is a constant procedure in which osteoblasts lay new bone and osteoclasts resorb it. Mineralization takes place at active bone formation sites where the extracellular matrix vesicles, t ... Read More
Background: Erythromycin, a commonly used antibiotic for various respiratory tract infections, is well documented for its hepatotoxic effect, which is probably due to the oxidative stress produced ... Read More
Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is well known. It is more common in densely popu ... Read More
Background: Hydroxyapatite is a material which resembles the composition and crystal structure of hard tissues in human body. It is being used in dentistry as a bioactive material in dental implant ... Read More
Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered as hypercoagulable state, where hypercoagulability of blood result in acceleration of atherosclerosis and diabetic microvascular complications. Three rec ... Read More
Background: To determine the frequency and risk factors of COPD and Restrictive Lung Diseases in a Primary Care Center in Karachi. Methods: All patients coming to Primary Health Care Center p ... Read More
Background: Total Serum bilirubin (TSB) is considered as the most authentic method for determining bilirubin levels. However, Transcutaneous Bilirubinometer, uses photometry to detect bilirubin lev ... Read More
Background: Easy availability of various chewable options in big cities has lead to a shift in behavior in the ethnicity specific habit of smokeless tobacco (SLT). This study was designed to find o ... Read More
Background: The purpose of this study is to assess radiological features (CT and Ultrasound) of retinoblastoma in clinically susceptible patients. Methods: This study has been conducted at Jinnah ... Read More
Background: Cord blood relative telomere length(RTL), the biological chronometer which can determine life span, has been found highly variable at birth due to fetal programming under the influence of ... Read More
Spectacular advances have been made in molecular medicine during the last few decades including the mapping of human genome project which has revolutionized the understanding of basic molecular mech ... Read More
Background: Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a widely used constructive teaching approach for undergraduate Medical and Dental students for many years. This is an effective teaching tool which integrat ... Read More
Background: Forensic odontology is an expanding field within the domain of forensic sciences, where dental knowledge is applied in identification of individual(s) through analysis of the dental relat ... Read More
Background: ECG interpretation is an important skill in patient care provision in all levels of health care system. Although its importance cannot be denied in clinical practice, ECG patterns of pati ... Read More
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare and chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by an unceasing infection of the brain by an altered form of the measles virus acquired earlier in li ... Read More
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease with an almost unheard of pathogenesis. With very few cases to document worldwide, predominantly being discovered in Turkey, Italy, and America, it ... Read More
Vitamin D is synthesized in the body via the action of UV light on the skin or obtained from dietary sources and supplements. It helps the body regulate calcium and phosphate levels, plays a critical ... Read More
The success rates for root canal therapy, when done under acceptable clinical guidelines and aseptic conditions are generally high. The microbial etiology of periradicular periodontitis is such that i ... Read More
The marked disruption of homeostasis of a physiological system (a cell, tissue, organ, or whole organism), is more commonly known as stress. However, physiological systems are constantly exposed to m ... Read More
Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is an obstetric intervention designed,usedin 20-30% of all pregnancies. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of oral misoprostol alone versus oral mis ... Read More
Objectives: Thyroid gland volume varies from population to population. In this study mean thyroid gland volume among the ethnic groups in Karachi population was determined. Methods: A prospective cr ... Read More
Background: Blood pressure (BP) is obligatorily measured each time a patient visits Emergency room (ER) or is admitted in ICU/CCU. Accuracy of blood pressure measurement in clinical settings is the k ... Read More
Background: Lymphedema is abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in skin due to malfunction of lymphatic system. After axillary lymph node dissection breast surgery lymphedema of involved arm is ... Read More
Background: The survey was conducted in Pakistani teaching hospitals to determine techniques and concepts which are used to establish the posterior seal in complete dentures. The aim of this study is ... Read More
Background: To evaluate the effects and safety profile of Paroxetine on hot – flashes in post – menopausal women. Methods: It was prospective open label control clinical trial. This study is conduct ... Read More
Background: To determine the burden and assess the risk factors of skin diseases in Primary Health Care Centers in Karachi. Methods: A total of 360 patients came to the primary health care center ov ... Read More
Background: PCNL is standard surgical treatment for renal stone > 2.0 cm and stone resistant to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of percutaneous ... Read More
Background: Jinnah post graduate medical center is a major tertiary care hospital in Karachi. People of varying skin color from different ethnic groups in this cosmopolitan city present to this hospi ... Read More
Malaria in pregnancy, a life-threatening situation for both mother and developing fetus, results in multiple complications, from low birth weight to still birth or abortion. Usually a healthy person ... Read More