Abstract
Phenological modification followed by yield stagnation of rice and wheat is a major concern of South Asian agriculture, linked
with decline in soil health by excessive use of mineral fertilizers. The excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers not only depleting
the soil fertility but also accelerating the environmental risks such as greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and nitrate leaching
into underground water. In this context, a 2-year field experiment was established at Agronomic Research Area of the
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to find out the promising nutrient management strategy to modulate the
phenological events of rice cv. Basmati-515 and wheat cv. MILLAT-2011 by stimulating the leaf area duration (LAD) under
different tillage methods. The fertilization treatments comprised of: control (T1); recommended dose of NPK (T2); animal
manure (M, T3), 100% crop stubbles incorporation (CSI, T4), 50% NPK and 50% M (T5), 50% NPK and 50% CSI (T6), 0
25% NPK with 25% M and 50% CSI (T7) and 25% NPK with 50% M and 25% CSI (T8) were randomly allocated in a split
plot design under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) systems. The CT practices include two cultivations along
with one rotavator followed by planking for rice, and three cultivations along with one rotavator followed by planking for
wheat, while RT treatment includes one cultivation along with one rotavator for both crops. Results show that tillage did not
significantly altered the phenological events of both rice and wheat. However, the combined use of organic and inorganic
fertilizers significantly induced early tillering and anthesis, and delayed the physiological maturity of rice and wheat. Further,
organo-mineral treatments increased the LAD of rice by 35.12 to 49.19% and wheat by 32.28 to 50.19% relative to control. In
conclusion, the combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers could change the phenological events in rice and wheat by
modulating the LAD.
Muhammad Shaukat, Ashfaq Ahmad, Tasneem Khaliq, Irfan Afzal. (2020) ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZATION CHANGES THE PHENOPHASES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AND WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) BY MODULATING THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF LEAVES, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 57, Issue 1.
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