Abstract
Climate change has worsened the existing scenario by increasing temperature, severity of extreme droughts, elevating
evapotranspiration and severe water shortage. Furthermore, excessive and unwisely application of fertilizers ultimate produce
degraded agricultural land. All these consequences reduced the yield and quality of agricultural commodities to feed the
increasing population of the world. Innovative products of trending technology in the field of agriculture, nanotechnology,
contribute a significant boost for food production. The shortage of fresh water can be managed by adopting different efficient
irrigation methods, also promote the quality and quantity of agricultural crops. By keeping in view, the above all, an experiment
was conducted to evaluate the effect of nano nitrogen (nN) under different water regimes and assessed the growth attribute and
other essential nutrient uptake by lettuce plant in different combination of bulk and nano nitrogen forms with surface and drip
irrigation method. In this experiment, for the comparison of different irrigation methods, two control treatments were chosen,
such as 100% bulk size nitrogen (bN) in surface irrigation and 100% bN application by drip irrigation. While nN was applied
with bN in different combinations through drip irrigation and foliar application. Among all the combinations of nitrogen (N)
fertilizer, application of 75% nN through drip irrigation and 25% of nN in foliar application significantly affect the growth and
biochemical parameters such as plant biomass, leaf area, absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate, β-carotene, crude protein
and yield. Similarly, N uptake, N use efficiency and apparent N recovery were increased by this combination as compared to
lower N rates. The results indicated that the combined application of nN as a soil and foliar treatment was more efficient than
that of soil application of bN. Furthermore; it could minimize the required N fertilization rate to reduce environmental pollution
without any yield loss.
Keywords: Climate change, severe water shortage, drip irrigation, growth parameters, surface irrigation, nanoparticles, N-use
efficiency.
Mohamed A. Sharaf-Eldin, Mohamed B. Elsawy, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman. (2022) Application of nano-nitrogen fertilizers to enhance nitrogen efficiency for lettuce growth under different irrigation regimes, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 59, Issue 3.
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