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These sources and authors have talked of the different opinions about the British governance in the Punjab. Some historians like S.S. Thorburn and Andre J. Major claim that they ruled Punjab even-handedly and promoted effective governance. They established different institutions such as education, finance, revenue, army, police, judiciary etc. which helped prolong their rule. An effective administrative setup seems behind their rule and this strategy restored peace in the turbulent Punjab. The condition of law and order disturbed by misgovernance of predecessors of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was countered with the rule of law throughout the Punjab. Many opine that the British ruled over the Punjab oppressively and unjustly. This study finds that British utilized both of the policies according to the situation. Therefore, the history witnessed good governance and bad governance as well in the British Punjab. This article deals with both aspects and proves that the British ensured the writ of the government although they had to adopt oppression and aggression against Punjab.

Asif Nazir, Abdul Qadir Mushtaq, Muhammad Nadeem Saeed, Fatima Rifat. (2020) British and Governance in Punjab: 1849-57, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 57, Issue-3.
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