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The Muslim demand for separate electorates was accepted in Minto-Morley Reforms 1909 and later it became
the basic point around which the Muslims’ politics evolved till the obtaining of partition of India and the
creation of Pakistan. Sir Mohammad Shafi made personal efforts in getting the iconic milestone i.e. separate
electorates through his contacts with office of the Viceroy. These efforts in some detail are analyzed. Soon after
the reforms, however, some of the prominent leaders of the Muslim League got upset with the government over
the issue of annulment of partition of Bengal and the Balkan wars. They started seeking cooperation with the
Hindus rather than depending upon the government. But Shafi who had succeeded in securing Muslim rights
through cooperation with the British did not agree. He was not in favour of anti-British campaign at any cost.
He still stood firm in his belief that Muslim interests as a whole could be achieved through cooperation. The
result was a host of difficulties with the All India Muslim League and its leadership. These developments are
analyzed systematically in the paper
Syed Akmal Hussain Shah, Abdul Basit Mujahid. (2020) Sir Mohammad Shafi and All-India Muslim League: Differences & Complications(1906-1917), Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 57, Issue-3.
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