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The Middle East’s democracy deficit is a product of the patterns of political and economic development in the region. It is not because the region is predominantly Islamic or is somehow afflicted by purportedly undemocratic cultures. By itself, culture is not an impediment to transition to democracy as it is subject to influences from the larger polity, especially insofar as the economy and the initiatives of the state are concerned. Instead, transition to democracy is determined by the degree of society’s autonomy from the state. This autonomy may result from the empowerment of society as a consequence of economic development, or the state elite’s devolution of power to social actors and classes, or, more commonly, a combination of both. The key to understanding democratic transitions lies instead in the nature of state-society relations rather than the nature of society’s norms and values in them. Along with other donor countries, the United States should make assistance to civil society a component of new efforts to promote democratic change in the Middle East. But it should do so with a clear understanding of the nature of civil society in Arab countries, of the most effective ways to help civil society organizations to contribute to democratic change, and of the limits of U.S. influence in this zone. To investigate these assumptions, a qualitative research methodology is used, relying on the analysis of secondary academic sources. This study will be emphasizes on the current movements in Middle East and political change.

Anwar Ali, Mughees Ahmad . (2019) Democratic and political dynamics of Middle East: an analysis of internal and external influence, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 56, Issue 2.
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